Steel and cast iron floor standing boilers. What is the fundamental difference?

Before the beginning of the winter season, many newly-made owners of private houses think about which boiler to choose so that the house is warm and cozy in cold weather.

For many owners of country houses that are heated with gas, the solution to this issue lies only in choosing a boiler that uses gas as the main type of fuel.

The equipment purchased must comply with the following principles:

• productivity;
• profitability;
• reliability;
• security.

Cast iron gas boilers correspond to such characteristics, both according to the conclusions of experts and according to the statements of buyers.

Features of cast iron boilers

For many decades, heating equipment made of cast iron has served and serves properly, since it was used mainly as a heating circuit. The popular use of cast iron is based on the fact that the material is very reliable and very durable.

A cast iron boiler fits into almost any thermal circuit, and it is designed so that the most common and cheapest heat carrier, namely water, runs inside it. And at the same time, cast iron, as a material, is able to withstand rather critical loads, namely:

1. strong pressure drops in the circuit;
2. drops that can accompany the supply of fuel;
3. incorrect draft in the chimney operation due to bad weather conditions.

A cast iron gas boiler in the assortment line of many manufacturers is sold with a good warranty period. This suggests that the manufacturer himself is confident in the durability of the product. For example, boilers made of steel are sold with a guarantee for a period of 12-14 years, and for the same boilers, but using cast iron instead of steel, a guarantee is given for 38-56 years. If the buyer wants to clarify the exact period for which the warranty applies, then it is necessary to determine the manufacturer and model.

There are, of course, some points that affect the timing in which the boiler can work in any individual conditions:

• it is necessary to carry out an installation that meets all the correct standards;
• regular boiler maintenance by a technician;
• good compatibility with all components of the system.

The best known manufacturers and models: prices and characteristics

Baxi SLIM 1.150i 3E

The most common manufacturer in Russia and one of the most successful models with a capacity of 14.9 kW. It has an excellent efficiency of 90.3% at a flow rate of 1.74 cubic meters per hour. It is equipped with a reliable cast iron heat exchanger and an electronically modulated burner. It features a particularly compact size (only 35 cm wide), virtually silent operation and a laconic design, which makes it suitable for any kind of interior. Reconfigured for liquefied gas.

The cost: 64,000 - 75,000 rubles.

Manufacturer: Baxi, Italy.

Protherm Wolf 16 KSO

The best model in terms of price-quality ratio with a power of 16 kW. Ideal non-volatile gas single-circuit floor-standing boiler for operation in open heating systems. It has a high efficiency of 92.5% at a gas flow rate of 1.9 m3 / h.

It has a steel two-way heat exchanger and a simple injection burner. Despite the steel heat exchanger, it is reliable. It works almost silently, during the practice of installation, serious malfunctions were not observed.

The cost: 18,000 - 32,000 rubles.

Manufacturer: Protherm (Proterm), Slovakia.

Buderus Logano G124-32 WS

One of the German reference boiler units with a capacity of 32 kW. Extremely high efficiency of 92% at a flow rate of 3.67 cu. m / hour. It features a reliable cast iron heat exchanger with an increased number of perfectly matched sections, an atmospheric premix burner. It is possible to connect external temperature sensors and a room thermostat.

The model is known for high reliability and long service life (more than 12 and even 15 years), not demanding on the quality of fuel and coolant.

The cost: 105,000 - 126,000 rubles.

Manufacturer: Buderus (Buderus), Germany.

Lemax Premium-16

A well-known inexpensive Russian-made model with a capacity of 16 kW with an open combustion chamber. It is equipped with an enamelled steel heat exchanger (Certa), which is not susceptible to aggressive substances (mineral oils, salt solution). 90% efficiency at 0.95 cu. m / h., the boiler is considered one of the most economical among floor-standing ones.

The disadvantages are the build quality and the non-modulating burner (the presence of a smooth regulation could further reduce the consumption).

The cost: 19,000 - 22,000 rubles.

Manufacturer: Lemax (Lemax), Russia.

Vaillant VK INT 164 / 1-5

Another reference German boiler with a capacity of 16 kW - despite the high cost, it is one of the best gas floor-standing single-circuit boilers for heating a private house. The real efficiency reaches 91% at a gas flow rate of 1.9 m3 / h. It has a cast-iron sectional heat exchanger and an injection-type burner. Differs in durability and quiet operation, not picky about fuel and the quality of the coolant.

Equipped with one of the best floor standing automatics with auto-diagnostics, overheating protection and anti-freeze mode. It is possible to connect a room thermostat and organize a weather-dependent heating mode.

The cost: 89,900 - 104,000 rubles.

Manufacturer: Vaillant (Vailant), Germany.

Aton AOGV-16E / EM

One of the most budgetary models with a power of 16 kW. This is a non-volatile gas boiler of Ukrainian production, characterized by an extremely simple and relatively reliable design, equipped with the famous Italian EUROSIT automation. Efficiency 90% at a good flow rate of 1.8 cubic meters. m / hour.

According to the installation practice, the model works without problems for 8-10 years, after which the resource of the steel heat exchanger ends and it leaks. Nevertheless, the model is considered one of the best in its price category.

The cost: 17,500 - 19,000 rubles.

Manufacturer: Aton (Aton), Ukraine.

Specifications

Cast iron gas boilers are the most popular heating systems, which, according to their technical characteristics, are most suitable for using them in buildings intended for permanent residence.

The principle of operation of all cast-iron gas-fired boilers is built like this: heat is released, which owes its appearance to the fact that the fuel is burned and the air heats up. In short, the next stage of work occurs, that is, when a fuel such as gas enters the combustion chamber, it burns out and gives all the heat to the coolant.

Then the coolant, which circulates through the system in a closed loop, is supplied to the batteries and the room heats up - the batteries begin to give off heat.

The technical characteristics of gas boilers with a cast iron heat exchanger differ in that:

1. such a device does not require constant work, since the heat exchanger keeps heat well, and the temperature sensor, capturing temperature fluctuations, does not perform manipulations that will start the boiler;
2. one of the main parameters that dominates the technical characteristics is the durability of this type of material, even though the conditions can be extreme.

Technical specifications

When choosing a wall-mounted gas boiler for a private house, first of all, its technical characteristics should be taken into account. Main parameters:

• performance;
• the amount of water consumed;
• type of ignition;
• number of contours.

Power

On average, for heating 10 m² of the area of ​​a private house or cottage with a ceiling height of 3 m, 1 kW of heat is required. However, when calculating, a combination of several factors should be taken into account: the number of storeys of the building, the thermal insulation of the walls, the height of the ceilings, the number of windows and doors.

Contouring

Double-circuit wall-mounted gas boilers will easily provide hot water supply to the kitchen sink, washstand and bathroom. If you plan to organize hot water supply elsewhere, it is better to install a device with one heating circuit. In this case, a boiler must be purchased to supply DHW.

Ignition

There can be two types, which one is better to choose is determined by the owner of the house. Electric ignition is carried out using a spark automatically. This method is more economical and safe, but it has a significant drawback - volatility.

If there are power outages in your area of ​​residence, it is better to install a wall-mounted gas boiler with a piezo ignition. In this case, the device is turned on using a button that ignites the igniter. When the boiler is turned off, the wick itself does not die out, so this method is not very economical.

Options for cast iron gas boilers

Cast iron gas boilers for heating a private house differ in the following parameters:

1. Burners. By the type to which the burners themselves belong:
   atmospheric burners;
2. either with fans;
3. burners can also be used, which use the principle of forced, that is, artificial, air pressurization, which causes the total pressure of all supplied fuel.
4. They also differ in the type that is used in the installation of a thermal structure:
   floor;
5. wall.
6. By the way that is used when removing from residues and combustion products in the form of smoke. Turbocharged ones are used, but the availability of electricity is a prerequisite for use. Or chimney.
7. General functionality: either those that work in one circuit, that is, they are able to heat only the room, or double-circuit ones, heating not only the room, but also water intended for various home use.

And also a gas cast iron heating boiler has at its core the main difference from analogs made of steel, it has a prefabricated and sectional design. The assembly of such a unit takes place exclusively by hand.

Also, the technical characteristics include the following points:

• heat engineering data are very different from other materials - after the cast iron heats up, it gives off heat for a long time;
• quite persistently tolerates the effects of acids and corrosive environments;
• if any parts of the exchanger are damaged, then they can be easily replaced due to the fact that the structure is prefabricated;
• cast iron is able to withstand strong thermal shocks without deformation of surfaces, that is, it can withstand heating, which reaches 300 C. It is important to note: cast iron does not burn out;
• the minimum period in which a boiler can be used is about 25 years, but usually the service life of such boilers is about 35 years.

You will be interested >> Requirements for the installation of gas heating boilers
Therefore, the user can quite calmly choose for himself exactly the version of the boiler that impresses him most in all its qualities.

Heating boilers with cast iron heat exchanger and gas burner

This review presents popular models of cast iron heating boilers operating on gaseous fuels.

Cast iron is a multicomponent alloy based on iron and carbon. It is widely used in equipment manufacturing industry.For heating purposes, mainly primary heat exchangers in floor-standing boilers and heating radiators are made of cast iron. Heat exchangers of heating boilers made of cast iron are distinguished by good heat storage capacity and high thermal inertia, high corrosion resistance. From the point of view of the characteristics of cast iron (good casting properties, low weldability, lack of elasticity, significant weight), the optimal design of a cast iron heat exchanger is a sectional one.

For the manufacture of heat exchangers, gray cast iron is usually used, in which carbon is present in the form of lamellar graphite. Manufacturers are trying to develop their own alloy recipe and their own section geometry, which allows the most complete transfer of the heat of the exhaust gases.

The range of gas-fired cast iron heating boilers has undergone major changes in recent years. First of all, this applies to the basic configuration, which now increasingly includes an expansion tank, a circulation pump and even a fully piped DHW cylinder. It is also not uncommon for models with a closed combustion chamber, which were previously found only in wall-mounted steel models of heating equipment.

Consider the varieties of cast iron heating boilers presented on the Russian market, their features and range of application.

Alphatherm

Gas cast iron boilers of the Delta series are presented on the Russian market in the range from 14 to 125 kW. The high-quality sectional cast iron heat exchanger has a large safety factor, as a result, the permissible temperature difference between the flow and return lines can reach 45 ° C. The built-in stainless steel burner ensures stable operation even at reduced gas pressure. Electric ignition with ionisation flame control and built-in weather-compensated automation ensure energy savings.

Models with index "B" are equipped with a built-in indirect heating boiler with a capacity of 100 liters with a two-layer enamel coating and a magnesium anode for corrosion protection and an additional connection for the recirculation circuit. These boilers also have a pump for hot water supply. The safety of the boiler is ensured by an emergency thermostat, a flue gas thermostat, and automatic flame control. To protect the boiler against overpressure, a 6 bar safety valve is provided in the system.

Delta boilers are equipped with self-diagnostics, pump run-out, anti-legionella, frost protection of the heating and hot water supply system, anti-cycling.

Ariston

Ariston offers boilers atmospheric gas floor boilers Unobloc with a cast-iron heat exchanger, reliable and durable, adapted to Russian conditions of gas pressure without loss of power, high-performance, easy to operate and maintain. A wide model range with a power range from 24 to 64 kW allows you to choose the right boiler equipment for any situation.

Corrosion and thermal stress resistant cast iron heat exchanger supplied assembled. The special crystalline structure of gray cast iron ensures uniform heat flows and increases the service life of the boiler. The atmospheric burner is equipped with electronic ignition and ionization flame control.

In boilers with a capacity of 24 and 31 kW, the delivery set includes a circulation pump, an expansion tank, a safety valve, and a minimum pressure switch. Boilers up to 45 kW are equipped with a built-in draft stabilizer, an external draft stabilizer is provided for models 55 and 64 kW.

Modern design and minimal overall dimensions make it easy to place the boiler in any interior. Thermoblocks can be combined with indirect heating water heaters BS1S and BS2S with a capacity of 150 to 500 liters to provide hot water supply. Boilers can be connected in a cascade of up to two thermoblocks.

Baxi

The Slim models of floor-standing cast-iron boilers from Baxi got their name due to their minimal overall dimensions (only 35 cm wide), which will allow you to find a place for them in any room. The manufacturer's assortment includes models with atmospheric and inflatable burners. The power range varies from 15 to 62 kW. During the operation of the boiler, the flame is continuously electronically modulated both in heating mode and in hot water mode. The burner is equipped with a smooth electronic ignition. Slim boilers are adapted to Russian conditions, they operate stably when the inlet pressure of natural gas drops to 5 mbar. In double-circuit models, the delivery set includes a capacitive boiler for hot water supply and a separate DHW pump; for single-circuit models, the water heater can be connected additionally. All models, except for boilers with the “iN” index, are equipped with a high-speed circulation pump with an automatic air vent and pressure gauge.

The boilers have two temperature control ranges in the heating system: 30–85 ° C and 30–45 ° C (underfloor heating mode) and built-in weather-dependent automation. A remote control unit with climate control and a programmable timer can be supplied separately. The boiler regulates and automatically maintains the set temperature in the heating and hot water circuits (for models with built-in or separate boiler).

The manufacturer pays great attention to safety. Slim boilers are equipped with an electronic self-diagnosis system, ionization flame control, a safety thermostat against overheating of water in the primary heat exchanger, a draft sensor to control the safe removal of combustion products (pneumatic relay for models with a closed combustion chamber, a thermostat for models with an open chamber), an anti-blocking system pump, which is automatically activated every 24 hours, a safety valve in the heating circuit at 3 bar (except for iN models) and in the DHW circuit at 8 bar (models with a built-in boiler), an anti-freeze system in the heating circuit and boiler.

For larger boilers, the manufacturer offers high-efficiency Slim HP gas boilers with atmospheric burners and a power range from 83 to 116 kW. The sectional heat exchanger made of high-lamellar eutectic cast iron with profiled fins has a large heat exchange surface and excellent aerodynamic properties. It should be noted the unique assembly system of the heat exchanger on two hydraulic manifolds. Thanks to the fiberglass insulation placed under the casing, heat loss is minimal. The boilers are adapted to Russian conditions - they operate stably when the inlet gas pressure drops to 7 mbar. The boilers are equipped with a two-stage stainless steel burner with electronic smooth ignition and an auxiliary pilot burner.

The boiler control system includes regulation and automatic maintenance of the set temperature in the heating circuit, as well as the ability to install weather-dependent and cascade automation (supplied separately). The thermoblock is equipped with a thermostat for controlling a two-stage burner and a thermometer. The security system provides light indication of boiler overheating and flame extinction, ionization control of the flame, a safety thermostat against overheating of water in the primary heat exchanger, a draft sensor for monitoring the safe removal of combustion products.

Biasi

The Italian manufacturer offers the Russian consumer two series of cast iron boilers - Kappa and B… R.

The Kappa series is available in five configuration options. Kappa R models are equipped with an atmospheric gas burner and an open combustion chamber, Kappa RPV models are equipped with an additional circulation pump and expansion vessel, Kappa RPVS boilers have a closed combustion chamber, pump and expansion vessel.There are also two types of boilers in this series, combined with a DHW cylinder. These are modifications of Kappa BO (with an open combustion chamber) and Kappa BOS (with a closed combustion chamber). All Kappa boilers are equipped with effective thermal insulation, a self-produced heat exchanger made of cast iron elements of the EN GJL 200 brand, which have an innovative shape and high efficiency.

All boilers have the ability to connect a DHW cylinder and operate in a cascade of up to four boilers (with additional automation). The control panel includes the following control and display elements: main switch, safety thermostat, heating circuit thermostat, burner lockout and safety thermostat indicators, thermometer and pressure gauge. The gas burner can be reconfigured to work with liquefied gas and has electronic ignition.

Pump models are equipped with a safety valve as well as an automatic air vent.

Boilers with a boiler, if necessary, can only operate for heating with the DHW function disabled, which saves fuel and reduces operating costs. The standard equipment of such a boiler also includes a DHW pump. The control panel of these thermoblocks is a thermometer and a thermostat for the DHW circuit.

Cast iron boilers B… R are presented in two series. A distinctive feature of these models is the absence of a standard burner. Thermoblocks are designed to work with gas or liquid-fuel fan burners. The B… R boiler is made of cast iron elements EN GJL 200, resistant to low temperature corrosion. Three flue gas passages in the heat exchanger ensure high efficiency and optimal heat dissipation. The control panel contains a main switch, a heating circuit thermostat, a thermometer, a burner lockout indicator and a boiler status indicator. The boilers are capable of operating in a cascade of up to four boilers.

Models B40 R can be supplied unassembled to facilitate installation in roof-top boilers and boilers with small doorways. Convenient access to the combustion chamber for boiler maintenance without dismantling the burner provides an additional benefit. All boilers can be operated with an indirect heating boiler.

Buderus

Low-temperature boilers Logano with built-in atmospheric gas burner are available in four versions with a total output range from 20 to 375 kW. The boilers use Thermostream technology, which ensures reliable operation without a mixing pump and return temperature control. It consists in mixing cold water from the return line with a heated coolant inside the boiler. As a result, boilers do not have a mandatory requirement for a minimum boiler water temperature.

The combustion chamber has a low heat load, the flue gases are removed according to the three-way principle. All important components of the thermoblock, namely the boiler, burner and control system, are selected taking into account the maximum adaptation to each other (Unit version). This allows the boiler to operate more reliably and efficiently, reduce the noise level and emission of harmful substances, and increase the level of comfort for the consumer. All Logano boilers can be connected to Logalux DHW cylinders and various control systems from the manufacturer's program.

The range of permissible outputs for Logano boilers, which do not have a burner as standard, is even wider: from 17 to 1200 kW. These thermoblocks can be equipped with either a gas or oil-fired fan burner that meets the requirements of DIN EN 267 or DIN EN 676 or with the CE mark.

Buderus cast iron gas boilers are equipped (as standard or on request) with simple and intuitive automation, where the control functions are coordinated with the hydraulic characteristics of the system.It is possible to expand the complete set of all control systems for additional modules. Boiler blocks, which are heavy, can be delivered disassembled in separate sections for ease of transport.

De Dietrich

De Dietrich used his latest developments in the creation of the DTG series of cast iron gas boilers with atmospheric burners. The heat exchanger is made of eutectic cast iron with wedges positioned on the surface in a special way. They help to increase the heat exchange surface and achieve high efficiency values ​​(over 90%). Reinforced thermal insulation effectively reduces heat loss to the environment.

The built-in burner is ignited by the pilot burner without continuous pilot flame by means of electric ignition. The program block provides control and monitoring of ignition and burner operation. The boilers are equipped with an electromechanical control panel with a boiler thermostat. The power range of DTG thermoblocks varies from 23 to 54 kW.

The manufacturer offers a wide range of boilers of this series in combination with DHW cylinders in a single body or simply in a similar design. This can be a 110 or 130 liter boiler under a single casing, a 150 liter boiler placed next to the boiler, or a similar container model for installation under the boiler.

The GT series boilers, which are supplied without a burner and are suitable for operation with liquid and gaseous fuels, are also made from heavy-duty eutectic cast iron. This allows it to operate at low modulating temperatures, up to 30 ° C in the flow line, without any risk to service life, and also achieve complete cooling between two heating periods. The boilers are economical, they have an increased CRP up to 94%. For all models, there are two control panels to choose from, allowing you to control the operation of a single-stage burner: basic "B" and Diematic 3D, for models GT 226 and GT 228 there is a B2 automation for controlling the operation of a two-stage burner and a D + AD 217 panel for controlling a two-stage burner. or a modulating burner and programming one mixer circuit. All control panels initially contain DHW priority and can control a water heater with Titan Activ System anode.

Thermoblocks GT, like the equipment of the previous series, can be supplied complete with a DHW cylinder. In this case, the consumer receives a "turnkey boiler room", since the delivery set also includes all the necessary piping elements for the DHW circuit.

Domusa

The Ecogas series combines single-circuit floor standing gas boilers with a cast iron heat exchanger and an atmospheric gas burner. The heat exchanger of the gas boiler is made of high-quality cast iron, which has increased resistance to low-temperature corrosion, which significantly increases the life of the boiler.

The atmospheric stainless steel burner with low NOX content in the flue gas ensures fast and uniform gas distribution and maintains stable combustion conditions throughout the entire boiler output range. Stable ignition and stable operation without derating is guaranteed at a gas pressure of 11.5 mbar. The gas boiler is equipped with an electronic ignition system that allows you to easily and quietly ignite the main burner and significantly save gas consumption.

The floor-standing gas boiler is equipped with an ionization flame control device, a drain cock, a coolant temperature sensor, and an automatic gas valve.

The control panel contains a thermometer, a pressure gauge, safety thermostats, a regulator for the heating and water supply system, indicator lights for operating modes, and a general switch.

At the request of the customer, the boiler can be equipped with a central regulation device and a programmable timer.

Domusa Ecogas V are cast iron gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber, combining single-circuit (K) and double-circuit models (DX). They have small dimensions and strict lines, so that any of them can be installed even in the smallest room, for example, in a kitchen. In addition, all of them are already equipped with a standard control panel, which implements the priority mode of heating the boiler. The standard panel can be retrofitted with an electronic programmer, with which the boiler will become weather-dependent, programmable and will be able to control two circuits with a mixer.

The boiler is equipped with a safety system, which includes a limit boiler thermostat (triggered when the coolant temperature reaches 110 ° C), an ionization electrode - a burner flame detector, a flue gas control thermostat. These elements block the operation of the boiler in the event of a failure and cut off the gas supply. The resumption of work is carried out by the corresponding buttons on the control panel.

The gas boiler is equipped with an electronic ignition system that allows you to easily and quietly ignite the main burner and significantly save gas consumption.

Electrolux

The FSB series of cast iron heating boilers includes one and two-circuit models with natural exhaust of combustion products. The introduction of modern technologies guarantees a long service life of boiler equipment and economical operation. The sectional cast iron heat exchanger made with Drop Stop technology guarantees reliable operation for 25 years. Such indicators are achieved due to heat-resistant silicone gaskets that take on water shocks and do not allow geometric deformation due to the temperature difference of the coolant.

The Nano Flame technology used in the production of an atmospheric burner provides several functions at once: stable ignition even at low gas pressure (from 3.5 mbar), increasing the wear resistance of the burner itself by preventing the "settling" of the flame on the sockets and, as a result, burnout ...

The built-in system of automatic weather-dependent control External Temperature Control is designed to automatically maintain the set temperature in the room, based on the data of the outdoor temperature sensor. Due to such optimization of the boiler operation, greater heating comfort and gas savings of up to 25% are achieved. The NoFreez system protects the system from freezing. If the temperature of the heating medium (boiler) drops below 8 ° C, the burner and the circulation pump are automatically turned on. Heating occurs until the temperature of the coolant rises to 38 ° C. The Autorestart function, which the FSB boilers are equipped with, is responsible for the correct operation of the boiler at the time of interruption and resumption of the power supply. So, at the moment of a power outage, the boiler is immediately turned off. And when the power supply is restored, the boiler automatically turns on, the control board instantly tests all connected sensors and boiler protection elements. If necessary, the circulation pumps and the burner will turn on, and the boiler will return to the previously set mode.

The Mpi models are equipped as standard with a circulation pump, a safety group and a closed expansion tank for the heating circuit. A distinctive feature of the P series boilers is their complete non-volatility. Primary ignition occurs in manual mode by means of a piezo button, and further operation of the boiler occurs in an autonomous mode.

Boilers of the Mi / HW series are equipped with a built-in 100-liter boiler with double enamel coating and the functions Hot Water Priority (switching the boiler to the DHW priority mode when the temperature in the boiler drops) and Antilegionella (automatic heating of the boiler to 65 ° C at least once a week to prevent in the DHW circuit of harmful bacteria), the boiler safety group and the DHW circulation pump.The Mpi / HW models are equipped, in addition to the boiler, with two circulation pumps (for heating and DHW), safety groups (for heating and DHW) and an expansion tank for the heating circuit.

Ferroli

The manufacturer offers on the Russian market three models of boilers with a cast iron heat exchanger, which are suitable for operation with natural gas.

The Pegasus series combines floor-standing thermoblocks with power from 19 to 289 kW. The geometry of the firebox and flue ducts ensures quiet and efficient operation, and the cast-iron heat exchanger itself is covered with a layer of mineral wool insulation, shielded with aluminum foil.

The boilers are equipped with an AISI 304 stainless steel injection burner. Electric ignition is performed without an igniter; there is a combustion control system based on an ionization electrode. The heat output of the boiler is regulated by a two-level thermostat. The boiler is equipped with a temperature control system and overheating protection. It is also possible to combine into a cascade system using an electronic cascade control unit.

For room temperature control, the thermoblock can be supplemented with an Oscar room programmer and a Romeo remote control. Any Pegasus boiler allows the connection of an external storage boiler BF. The Pegasus D K boilers are equipped with a built-in 130 l DHW cylinder with piping. For operation with an inflatable burner, Ferroli offers the Atlas and GN series. The design of the three-pass furnace of the cast-iron heat exchanger is similar to the Pegasus models, the special geometry of the boiler sections and the small volume of water provide a high level of heat exchange and low thermal inertia. The boilers are equipped with a temperature control system and an overheating protection thermostat. Boilers Atlas D and Atlas D K have a large multifunctional LCD display with backlight for setting the parameters of the system.

Atlas D K models are equipped with a 100-130 l DHW cylinder for DHW, other models are supplied as an option. If necessary, the boilers can be supplemented with an Oscar room programmer and a Romeo remote control, as well as combined into a cascade system using an electronic cascade control unit.

Sime

The manufacturer's assortment includes boilers with a built-in atmospheric burner series RX CE IONO (22–61 kW), RMG MK II (70–108 kW), RS MK II (129–279 kW). The high quality cast iron heat exchanger guarantees a long service life. The boilers are equipped with a stainless steel injection gas burner with a solenoid valve, boiler thermostats (regulation and emergency), a backflow fuse, Honeywell (Germany) or SIT (Italy) gas automatics, ionization flame control. The boilers can work stably at low gas pressure (up to 7 mbar).

The Bitherm series of double-circuit gas boilers are used for heating and hot water supply of small-scale residential and industrial premises. The scope of delivery additionally includes a storage tank, a thermostat for a hot water supply circuit, circulation pumps (for heating and heating a boiler), regulators for the temperature of the coolant and hot water, a winter / summer switch, a thermometer and a pressure gauge, an expansion tank for 8-10 liters, a relief valve ... The boilers have a high-quality glass-ceramic coating and a magnesium anode. Boilers have priority for the production of hot water.

CE IONO models provide a natural smoke exhaust system, BF models require forced exhaust of flue gases.

Sime Rondo boilers with a capacity of 23.5 to 57.5 kW do not have a built-in burner and must be equipped with it separately in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Vaillant

The atmoVIT VK INT series combines single-stage low-temperature boilers with a cast-iron sectional heat exchanger block and an atmospheric injection burner without a fan for operation with a variable boiler temperature, equipped with ceramic heat dissipating rods and an automatic gas pressure regulator. The thermoblock can be used as a heat generator in systems providing heating and hot water preparation (a DHW cylinder is supplied separately).

The boilers have an electronic ignition and flame control system, an electronic DIA-system for diagnostics, settings and troubleshooting, a built-in electronic boiler temperature sensor, and an electronic draft switch. Thermoblocks of this series are distinguished by a high average efficiency during the heating period (up to 92%) and a low level of NOX emissions (<150 mg / kWh). The Pro E plug-in electrical connection system provides convenient and easy installation. The built-in control panel is equipped with flow temperature and water heater temperature regulators, it is possible to connect any Vaillant analog regulators to the boiler through a specially provided hole.

Thermoblocks of the atmoVIT exclusiv VK and atmoCRAFT VK series have similar characteristics. The fundamental difference between boilers of this modification is the presence of a two-stage burner with heat-removing ceramic rods and an automatic gas pressure regulator. The delivery set includes an exhaust gas throttle with a so-called "Lambda control" and adjustment of the amount of combustion air in the first and second stages. This ensures low NOX emissions (less than 60 mg / kWh for atmoVIT exclusiv and less than 60 mg / kWh for atmoCRAFT VK). The thermoblocks have built-in control for a water heater with a solar collector system. In atmoCRAFT VK boilers, the electronic draft sensor is not included in the scope of delivery and must be ordered as an accessory. The two-stage burner is ignited with a pilot flame.

Vaillant offers the iroVIT VKO series, low-temperature three-pass boilers with a fixed minimum temperature of 38 ° C for operation with a built-in fan burner for oil or gas fuels with a DIN 4791 plug. The boilers are supplied complete with a quick-fit casing and a soundproof casing.

Any analogue regulators can be connected to the boiler; a special place is allocated on the front panel for the VRC 410 S and VRC 420 S regulators.

Viadrus

The gas floor-standing non-volatile sectional boiler of the G36 series with an open combustion chamber is designed to operate in a heating system with natural and forced circulation of the coolant.

An important distinguishing feature of Viadrus boilers is that they do not need to be connected to the mains, which is extremely convenient for Russian operating conditions. The power range varies from 17 to 49 kW.

The steel boiler body is painted silver with epoxy powder. The boiler heat exchanger sections are made of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite, which significantly increases the cast iron's resistance to thermodynamic vibrations. The high strength of the boiler is ensured by the use of high-quality materials and hydraulic tests for the strength of cast iron elements. The efficiency of the boiler is achieved due to the unique geometry of the cast iron heat exchanger with ribbed surface, stainless burner and good insulation of the boiler body with a layer of mineral wool.

The G36 boilers are equipped with a natural gas fired stainless steel burner adapted for low gas pressure. The boiler is delivered assembled.

Viessmann

The Vitogas 100 series from 29 to 140 kW combines economical and compact boilers with atmospheric gas burners for heating and hot water systems (when an additional DHW cylinder is connected).

The premix burner made of stainless steel ensures minimal emissions. High operational reliability and long service life are ensured by heat exchange surfaces made of eutectic gray cast iron with flaky graphite and low thermal stress of the boiler block.The boiler meets the high environmental requirements of the Blue Angel, the use of weather-compensated automation keeps the energy consumption low.

The boiler is supplied with a partially premixed stainless steel rod burner and can be retrofitted with a Renox NOX reduction system. High reliability of ignition and silent start of the boiler are ensured by the intermittent ignition system. Depending on the needs, the boiler block can be delivered in one piece or as separate segments (from 72 kW). The delivery set also includes a gas pressure monitor for automatic switching on after a gas supply failure.

The manufacturer's assortment includes another series of Vitorond 200 cast iron boilers with a segment design. These are low-temperature cast iron hot water boilers for liquid and gaseous fuels with a capacity from 125 to 1080 kW with a programmed heat generation mode.

The manufacturer has equipped boilers of this series with a number of its promising developments that improve operational characteristics and ensure reliable operation of the equipment throughout its entire service life.

The configuration of the combustion chamber is adapted to the geometry of the burner flame and ensures the maximum completeness of fuel combustion. The three-pass design of the boiler flue gas ducts guarantees the minimum emission of nitrogen oxides. The Eutectoplex heat exchange surface increases the operational reliability and service life of the boiler. The homogeneous crystal structure of gray eutectic cast iron ensures uniform heat flows and low temperature stresses. The integrated ThermControl starting system for hydraulic connection of the boiler to the system eliminates the need for a mixing pump and a set of mixing devices.

Simple and quick installation is ensured by the Fastfi x system, a system of double grooves with an elastic seal that provides a reliable seal on the flue gas side. The segmented design of the boiler and the low weight of the transported segments allow installation in hard-to-reach places.

Economical and reliable operation of the heating system is guaranteed by the Vitotronic digital program control. The LON telecommunication bus, made in a uniform standard, allows the heating system to be fully integrated into a single supervisory control system. The heating system can be remotely monitored via the Internet using TeleControl with Vitocom and Vitodata and controlled via the Vitocontrol control cabinet. When a Vitotrans 300 gas-water heat exchanger is connected to the boiler, the heat of condensation is recovered and the efficiency is increased by another 12%.

The principle of operation of such a boiler

The principle of direct operation is similar to boilers made of other materials, or very slightly different. To ensure the operation of such installations, conventional standard units are used.

The constituent parts of such a node are:

1. burner;
2. pump that circulates the coolant;
3. combustion chamber;
4. heat exchanger.

The boiler works because the supplied fuel, that is, gas, is burned in the combustion chamber, and all the heat is supplied to the coolant coil. In cast iron boilers, the main element is a cast iron coil, it is on it that the responsibility lies in ensuring that the coolant is evenly warmed up.

The positive principles of operation of cast iron gas boilers include:

• good corrosion resistance;
• undulating heat transfer;
• good adaptation to strong thermal overloads;
• long term of work;
• control service is close to a minimum.

But there are also disadvantages:

1. significant weight;
2. rather plastic, and therefore sensitive to loads that are produced mechanically;
3. with critical thermal shocks, microcracks are formed.

The principle of operation of the device

According to the principle of operation, gas cast iron heating boilers are not much different from their counterparts. In their work, they use the same components as conventional boilers. This is a heat exchanger, circulation pump, burner, combustion chamber. The boiler works by burning fuel in a combustion chamber, which transfers heat energy to a water coil. The inscribed cast-iron coil is the heart of the boiler - it is responsible for smooth and uniform heating of the coolant. Cast iron heat exchangers have both positive and negative sides.

The pluses of the part include the following factors:

1. corrosion resistance;
2. the ability to give off heat in a wave-like manner;
3. adaptation to high thermal loads;
4. long service life;
5. minimum level of maintenance.

Cons of a cast iron heat exchanger:

• heavy weight;
• sensitivity to mechanical stress;
• formation of microcracks during thermal shocks.

How to properly mount the equipment

You can install such equipment both independently and with the help of boiler installation specialists. The only condition that cannot be violated is to include the boiler in the gas system itself, because such work will have to be entrusted to a specialist. Moreover, such people must have special approvals and certificates. If the homeowner violates this provision, then first of all, he will be disconnected from the system, and secondly, a very large monetary fine will be imposed. But in order to independently connect a cast-iron gas boiler, you still need construction skills.

Cast iron boilers have an impressive weight, so if a hinged boiler is bought, then an impressive frame must be mounted under it. It is necessary to install such equipment in a boiler room.

And there are special requirements for such a technical room:

• the ceiling height in the boiler room must be at least 3 meters, and the room must be at least 4 sq. meters. These parameters are suitable for a boiler with an average capacity, but the larger the boiler, the more it should be around the place. Usually such things are recommended by the manufacturer themselves;
• the presence of at least a single window, because there must be an air flow. The opening for the door must be 80 cm wide and the gap between the floor and the door leaf must be at least 35 mm;
• there must be a distance of at least 3.5 meters to electrical and gas installations or appliances;
• on the floor, in the place where the installation of the cast-iron boiler is planned, a cement screed is poured, and this place is reinforced with a steel plate. It is important to remember that the sheet of steel must be located under the entire surface of the bottom of the heating installation, and also protrude 3-4 cm outside on its front side;
• materials with refractory qualities, it is necessary to strengthen the entire part of the wall where the chimney pipe will pass.

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The main paper for self-preparation of the boiler for mounting it into the system should be an accompanying document in the form of instructions developed by the manufacturer.

Such a document gives the parameters and regulates the procedure for connecting the boiler to the main pipeline, to the chimney system, as well as to the return and supply system.

How to choose a gas single-circuit floor-standing boiler?

There is no unequivocal answer as to which gas unit you need to buy - in fact, there is no, because both the boiler itself and other elements of the system must be selected individually for each house. Therefore, you need to study well the selection criteria below and the main technical characteristics, if necessary, consult with specialists.

Volatile or non-volatile

In fact, volatile models represent a mini-boiler room with all the necessary piping.Their main advantage is advanced automation, which allows you to fine-tune the modes: it is possible to set a time schedule, control work using remote room thermostats, etc. Usually, in more expensive volatile models, a circulation pump or turbine is already installed from the factory.

However, despite all the advantages, for summer cottages or houses remote from civilization, where the reliability of power supply often leaves much to be desired, such boilers are not suitable (unless additional installation of a UPS or generator is expected). In this case, it would be reasonable to prefer a non-volatile model, which absolutely does not require a connection to the mains.

But it is worthwhile to immediately make a reservation that due to the almost complete absence of automation (with the exception of safety elements that turn off the gas supply when the burner flame goes out or the traction stops), all interaction must be carried out manually: starting from the mechanical (manual) activation of the ignition button, ending with the control of operating modes , as well as heating control.

Heat exchanger material

The heat exchanger is the first to take over the generated heat, therefore its material of manufacture determines the performance and service life of the system:

• cast iron - designed for long-term operation with high boiler capacities;
• steel - with intensive use of the boiler, it quickly deteriorates.

Sometimes there are boilers with copper heat exchangers. Copper is characterized by high thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance and modest weight, which makes this metal an almost ideal material for the manufacture of heat exchangers. But due to its high cost and low strength, it is rarely used.

Thus, today, models of floor-standing gas boilers with cast-iron and steel heat exchangers are widely used.

With cast iron heat exchanger

Virtually timeless, corrosion and scale resistant cast iron heat exchanger.
A cast iron heat exchanger is good mainly because it has strong anti-corrosion properties - this allows it to serve up to 50 years or even more. Also, due to uniform heating, it is resistant to burning out and is able to give energy to the coolant for a longer time, which makes it economical.

The main disadvantage of cast iron is its fragility: with direct physical impact, or with sharp temperature fluctuations, an inexpensive alloy can crack or burst. More expensive, absolutely heat-resistant heat exchangers are made of gray cast iron alloys and are usually installed in a model costing from 40-50 thousand rubles.

With steel heat exchanger

A simpler, thinner and less resourceful steel heat exchanger.
The steel heat exchanger has a lower cost and is used in cheaper models. It is endowed with resistance to both physical and thermal effects, therefore it does not deform during operation. It is much smaller and lighter than its cast-iron counterpart, which greatly simplifies, and therefore reduces the cost, its transportation, installation and possible repair.

However, a serious drawback of steel is that it corrodes and tends to burn out, so such heat exchangers serve no more than 10 years. To slightly increase this figure, some: apply a layer of copper to the steel, and on top - high temperature-resistant enamel.

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Combustion chamber device and types of smoke removal

Although all gas single-circuit boilers look similar in appearance, they differ in the type of combustion chamber depending on the burner installed:

• atmospheric (injection) - used in open combustion chambers;
• inflatable (fan) - designed for closed combustion chambers.

Each of these two burners is exclusively suitable for use in the boilers designed for them and is not interchangeable equipment.

Open combustion chamber and natural draft through the chimney

An open combustion chamber works on the principle of natural draft, so oxygen is taken directly from the room to maintain the flame.

Such equipment is non-volatile and has a lower cost, but for it you will have to organize a full-fledged chimney and good ventilation in the boiler room itself. With poor ventilation, there will be a lack of oxygen, and there is also a risk of flue combustion products entering the room. In general, boilers with an open combustion chamber and an atmospheric burner require more careful maintenance due to increased soot formation.

Closed combustion chamber and forced draft (turbocharged boilers)

The closed combustion chamber is equipped with a forced draft, which ensures the flow of air from the street and the safe operation of the gas boiler. Of the floor-standing models, it is installed only on expensive gas boilers of the highest price segment.

In this case, for the removal of combustion products, it is sufficient to equip a coaxial chimney, which has a "pipe in pipe" design. The forced draft is carried out by a very powerful fan (hence the name - turbocharged boiler). The disadvantages of such a system are the price and dependence on the power grid.

What is the advantage of modern turbocharged gas boilers

Types of gas burners for flame regulation

After the burner transforms the air-gas mixture and feeds it into the furnace, further heating of the water depends on the possibility of adjusting the flame:

• one-stage - regulated only by switching on and off;
• two-stage - have 2 regulation modes (100% and 40/50% power);
• modulating - gradually regulate heating (10% - 100% power). The ideal and most economical mode of operation of a gas burner is the minimum flame power and constant combustion without shutdowns.

Modulating burners are divided into several categories: mechanical, pneumatic and electronic. The latter very precisely regulate the heating of the house.

The most economical single-circuit gas boiler is a boiler equipped with an inflatable (fan) burner of modulating electronic type. Such devices are more expensive, but due to the fact that the combustion power in them decreases and increases automatically, they burn 15-25% less gas.

Efficiency and fuel consumption

The coefficient of performance (COP) conventionally shows the ratio of the heat used for heating and the total volume of energy released during combustion. According to GOST 5542-2014, the heat of combustion of domestic gas is ≈ 33.8 MJ / m3, which ideally, with an efficiency of 100%, gives 9.4 kW of heat, and the fuel consumption will be 0.94 m3 per hour.

The passport of a standard gas boiler indicates an efficiency of 89–92%, so the actual fuel consumption will be slightly higher. Simultaneously with the increase in the amount of combusted gas, the heat loss also increases - the boiler efficiency decreases. The same happens when the system is operated with insufficient load.

For example, in the service manual for Protherm Volk KSO boilers with a capacity of 12.5 kW and 16.0 kW, it is indicated that when operating at maximum load (12.8 kW and 16.3 kW), the efficiency will increase to 92.5%, while as when operating with a minimum load (4.5 kW and 5.8 kW) - it will decrease and amount to only 78.4%.

It is not difficult to imagine how much more efficiency will fall if the same boilers have to work with a heating system with a capacity of, for example, 3 kW or 4 kW. A good result for single-circuit gas boilers with a capacity of 12-16 kW can be considered an average efficiency of 88-92% and a flow rate of 0.9-1.6 m3 of gas per hour.

Therefore, when choosing an effective device, the difference in a couple of% efficiency is not a priority, the main thing is to choose the right boiler power.

Minimum required power

It is important to observe the required boiler power in order to operate it with the best efficiency: if you take a too powerful unit, then it will not be able to go down to the optimal mode and will always consume excess fuel, switch on and off too often, and if, on the contrary, take a weak one, then working on wear and tear, it will quickly fail.

In a simplified form, the minimum required boiler power is usually calculated based on the rule: for an average house in the climatic zone of the Moscow region with 2 bricks and a ceiling height of up to 2.7 m, 1 kW of heating equipment power is required for every 10 m2 of area. It is also recommended to lay a stock of 15-20% Such calculations are more than enough for 98% of cases.

For example, for a private house with an area of ​​120 m2, which is located in central Russia, the minimum required power of a gas boiler is 12 kW * 1.15 = 13.8 ≈ 14 kW.

In some cases, in the form of correction factors, a non-standard (too large) glazing area, high ceilings, an excessively warm or cold climatic zone are taken into account.

How to accurately calculate the required boiler power Individual calculation, formula and correction factors

In addition, if it is planned to install an indirect heating boiler along with a single-circuit floor-standing boiler, then this must also be taken into account when selecting power. In this case, it must be calculated based on the capacity of the additional water heater, the difference can be very noticeable - up to 20-25 kW.

Poll: are you choosing a gas boiler for the first time?

Additional criteria

Having decided on the selection of the main parameters of gas equipment, it is also advisable to turn your attention to additional characteristics:

• flue gas condensation - the use of this technology makes it possible to increase the efficiency up to 104–116%, but the price of such a boiler is 1.5–3 times higher than the usual one (as of today, no less than 100 thousand rubles);
• automation functionality - modern models are equipped with weather-dependent automation, remote control modules via the Internet and self-diagnosis of malfunctions;
• set of sensors - with the help of outdoor temperature sensors and room thermostats, the boiler can itself maintain the desired climate in the house, which will reduce gas consumption by 10–20%;
• LPG burner - it will be useful in rural areas where there are interruptions in gas supply or where the main line is only expected;
• safety system - the presence of safety elements (pressure switch, pressure switch, overheating and smoke control, anti-freeze mode) reduces the risk of an accident.

Choice of coolant

For cast iron gas boilers, mainly, such heat carriers are used as:

1. distilled water;
2. antifreeze.

According to its characteristics, cast iron cannot enter into any reaction with a liquid that does not freeze. The sections of the device are mounted so tightly that leaks are excluded even after antifreeze has been introduced into the system.

The user, when choosing the medium that will circulate along the contour, should be guided by the following characteristics:

• by heating time - in this case, water has a lower density than antifreeze. Therefore, the water warms up faster. In time, the warm-up occurs from 15 to 40 minutes. It all depends on the quality of the coolant;
• but non-freezing gives off heat much longer, because in terms of its physical qualities it cools down more slowly than water.

Therefore, the heat carrier is selected on the basis of the principle for which the heating system will serve in the future, for permanent operation or for temporary heating of premises.

Which coolant is better for a cast iron heat exchanger - water or antifreeze?

Cast iron does not react with antifreeze, so it can be used as a heat carrier in a heat exchanger along with water.However, the following features of this fluid should be considered:

1. Antifreeze is denser than water, so it takes more time to heat it up, and therefore more fuel. If we add here the time for warming up the heat exchanger itself, then it can take from 10 to 25 minutes before heat is supplied to the room.
2. Non-freezing liquid heats up for a long time, but it gives off heat longer than water.

Based on the properties of antifreeze, we can conclude that it is not suitable for the constant operation of the gas unit, but only in the case of periodic switching on of the device. If continuous heating is required, it is better to use water.

What are the features during the operation of such a boiler

Usually, during operation, there are few problems with cast iron boilers. But still, there are some features, the observance of which will prolong the life of the unit:

1. in half of the cases, the reasons for the need to change the boiler much earlier than the due date are mechanically caused damage to the device during its transportation. Cast iron is quite fragile and ductile, so if the boiler is dropped or hit in any way during transportation, the heat exchanger may fail. Therefore, when the boiler arrives at the site, it is necessary to pour liquid into the coolant to make sure that there is no leakage;
2. sharp temperature jumps over time can lead to the formation of microcracks, therefore, it is necessary to add a mixing unit to the system during installation;
3. a prerequisite for good operation is competent site preparation.

If the user handles the heating system carefully, then the installation can last much longer than the manufacturer planned.

What principles should be followed when choosing a boiler

When choosing a boiler, a person, first of all, should be guided by the advantages or disadvantages of a particular model. Therefore, it is worth taking a closer look at what advantages or disadvantages cast-iron gas boilers have:

• at a cost, cast iron heating devices are much more expensive than the same units made of steel. But such a cost is justified by the fact that a cast-iron apparatus will last 15 years longer than a steel one;
• if a steel heat exchanger breaks down in a steel boiler, then any technical part cannot be repaired, because it is impossible to seal the seams by welding. But the cast-iron unit is repaired quite easily, because it is assembled in sections and you can replace any of the component parts;
• if the user has certain skills in welding, then it is quite easy to repair the boiler on his own, as well as increase the volume of the existing cast iron boiler by connecting sections;
• cast iron is difficult to corrode, and is also inert to the effects of any acids, so any antifreeze can be safely poured into the circuit;
• cast iron is much better in thermal performance than steel.

There are not very many disadvantages of such heating systems:

1. high cost, due to the fact that cast iron is more expensive than steel, but this is covered by a long service life;
2. large weight, it is quite difficult to install such a boiler alone;
3. obligatory pouring of the plate under the boiler itself.

Despite the fact that cast iron boilers are less popular than steel ones, the homeowner should still think about what to do better. Win an insignificant amount on the difference in the cost of boilers at once, or still buy yourself a good unit so that it will serve for many years and also help save on fuel.

What are floor-standing single-circuit gas boilers?

Modern gas floor boilers have excellent design and operate almost silently, therefore they can be installed in any room that meets the requirements.
A gas single-circuit floor boiler is a stationary heating device with one heat exchanger, which is the central element of the local gas heating system of the house, which is directly responsible for generating heat energy and its subsequent transfer to the circulating heat carrier.

Such a gas boiler is intended exclusively for heating a house, i.e. initially there is no autonomous hot water supply function in it.

reference... The main condition for the installation of any gas equipment is the availability of a centralized (main) gas supply. Despite the fact that there are models designed (translated) for liquefied gas (balloon gas), it is very wasteful to use them for heating rooms, especially large ones.

The device of gas boilers with one circuit is rather conservative - the basic design today includes the same set of "spare parts" as years ago:

• combustion chamber - serves as a place for converting energy into heat;
• rectangular burner - distributes the flame by supplying gas through the nozzles;
• heat exchanger - transfers heat from the combustion gas through built-in pipes;
• smoke exhaust system - responsible for the removal of fuel combustion products.

The device on the example of a single-circuit floor standing Vaillant atmoVIT VK INT 164 / 1-5.
In addition to the above mandatory components, many models are equipped with expansion tanks that level the thermally dependent increase in the volume of water and circulation pumps that control its passage along the main circuit. Optionally, a control module and electronic sensors are installed to automate work processes. But their need depends on the nuances of the operation and organization of the system as a whole.

Since a single-circuit boiler does not heat water for consumer needs, there is an opinion that when such a unit is installed, the house will not be provided with hot water at all, but this is not entirely true. In most cases, this problem can be easily resolved by installing the appropriate accessories:

• storage water heater (boiler);
• flow-through electric water heater;
• storage boiler for indirect heating;
• flow-through gas heater (column).

The tall white tank to the right of the boiler is an indirectly heated storage boiler that constantly maintains a large volume of hot water with virtually no additional heat output.
Considering that usually the additional circuit is just a primitive instantaneous heater with a low power, then if there is a need for an extensive water supply, its performance will not be enough. Thus, single-circuit models are in an even more advantageous position in terms of the degree of variability.

Principle of operation

The standard principle for ensuring a continuous combustion cycle of gaseous fuels is carried out in several sequential stages:

1. Gas is metered into the combustion chamber (furnace) through the burner nozzles.
2. Piezo ignition (by pressing the button) / electric ignition (automatically) is turned on.
3. The spark ignites the igniter and the air-gas mixture.
4. The igniter ignites the main burner and the heating medium starts heating.
5. When the coolant reaches the desired temperature, the burner turns off.
6. When the degree decreases, the igniter ignites the burner and the cycle repeats.

The principle of operation of conventional convection (efficiency 88-92%) and condensing (efficiency 104-109%) gas boilers.

reference... The ignition burner itself (igniter) operates constantly. Its combustion heats up the thermocouple, which is responsible for opening the gas valve. As soon as the flame is extinguished, the valve cools down and closes, shutting off the gas flow, as otherwise it can begin to accumulate and provoke an explosion.

The heated coolant goes through the pipeline to the radiators and through them gives off heat to the surrounding space in the rooms.Cooling down, it spontaneously (under the action of gravity) or forcibly (by pump) returns back to the boiler for reheating and then continuously moves along the contour.