The most wonderful way to relax, recuperate, spend time with family and close friends, is traditionally considered a picnic in nature. And if you have your own suburban area or dacha, then a picnic can be arranged right on it by installing a brazier or building a fireplace with your own hands, which will serve as a cozy meeting place for a long time to prepare delicious dishes.
Once, outdoor fireplaces were considered an item of luxury and wealth, but now they are a fairly common thing in any country house or in the country. They are functional and designed for a comfortable stay and food preparation.
Do-it-yourself fireplace on the street
It doesn't take a lot of effort to buy an outdoor fireplace, and you can also try to make it yourself. It is enough just to get the necessary drawings and decide on the details of the building.
Types of outdoor fireplaces
Of course, there are many options for an outdoor fireplace that you can build on your property. Therefore, we will now take a look at some of them.
Russian stove
Its appearance resembles an ordinary Russian stove, only it is located not in the house, but on the street outside it. It will differ only in that it has insulated side walls, which reduce the consumption of firewood during cooking. The oven also retains heat well, so you can cook various dishes in it, from barbecue to homemade soup.
Russian stove - an original outdoor fireplace
Brazier oven
This is a kind of scaled down Russian stove. Suitable for preparing any kind of food. It has the ability to fry, stew, bake, simmer and even smoke. It is important that for smoking, you will need to leave several coals in the firebox, sprinkling them with dry sawdust. A good outdoor fireplace option for those who like to cook on a fire.
Varieties
As in the case of a fireplace, there are several types of outdoor fireplaces. Before making a choice in favor of one of them, you should get acquainted with their features of external design and the principle of operation.
- Fireplace stove. The prototype of this model is a Russian stove. It is popular for its ability to bake food. Outdoor ovens have their own distinctive properties. Since heat transfer occurs at a higher rate, it must be reduced in every possible way. For this, the insulating properties of the furnace walls are increased with the help of an additional layer and the formation of voids containing air.
- Built-in BBQ. For us, the grill is associated with a barbecue or a way of cooking it, although among many Middle Eastern peoples it is considered a universal cooking tool. The firebox of such a fireplace is made in the form of a bowl with vertical walls. After burning the wood, the remaining coals are used for frying, baking and even smoking food. A fireplace with barbecue in the country is always in demand when holding family holidays.
- Asian tandoor. The design features of this type of oven allow you to cook food on the hot surface of the furnace walls. This method came to us from Central Asia and is still popular among lovers of food prepared in nature. The tandoor can be combined with a classic fireplace insert. Such a device will allow you to cook food and admire the flame at the same time.
Fireplace complex of a country house
- Smokehouse oven. This type of device is considered a rarity for a private home. It is based on the fact that the combustion chamber and the food compartment are separate from each other.The smoke that is obtained as a result of burning firewood does not immediately enter the chimney, but passes through the chamber with products. Implementation of models for cold and hot smoking methods is possible.
- Classic fireplace. It earned its name due to its external shape. It is a street hearth surrounded by a stone or brick portal. In fact, the stone can be just a decorative finish, and the firebox has expanded functions of a barbecue, barbecue, grill.
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Self-construction
To build an outdoor fireplace with your own hands, you need to determine the place of its installation. It cannot be chosen arbitrarily, since a working device must be not only functional, but also safe.
The most common places for installing a fireplace are a terrace, a gazebo, an open area in a calm place.
When installed on a terrace, the chimney is attached to the wall of the house. They erect it in the gazebo, letting it pass through the roof. The open-air design does not need to comply with the height requirements for the chimney, but it cannot be completely excluded from the model.
The phased laying of the fireplace is carried out in accordance with one of the selected ready-made schemes. As with any type of fireplaces, outdoor fireplaces cannot be built based only on intuition. This complex theory, proven in practice, implies strict adherence to a specific algorithm. At the first stage, all the material should be prepared so that the work does not stop for a long time.
Diagram of the construction of a mangal hearth
We need refractory bricks, fireclay bricks, clay, sand, crushed stone, cement. Clay has special requirements, because the strength of the masonry directly depends on its fat content. To evaluate this parameter, you need to saturate a piece of clay with water, knead it in your hand and leave it to dry in the form of a cake. This cake, made of clay, should not crack, but if it remains intact when dropped, having strength, then the clay is considered suitable for stove making.
Installation of the foundation
Even the fact that the fireplace is installed on the street in the yard does not reject a reliable foundation in the form of a foundation. Its contours are determined, like the area of the fireplace, increased on each side by 10 cm.Then a foundation pit is dug to a depth of 70 cm.
In order not to waste expensive mortar, the bottom of the pit is covered with rubble, which should be well tamped in order to avoid settlement of the structure. Sand-cement mortar is prepared so that one part of the cement accounts for two parts of sand.
The foundation must be raised above the ground, so formwork is prepared around the perimeter and poured with mortar. It can take about 3 weeks for the foundation to fully harden. All work will have to be temporarily stopped.
The foundation will allow the structure to stand steadily
Main masonry
To correctly build a stove or fireplace, it is necessary to lay out each row exactly according to the scheme. But first, roofing material is laid on the surface of the foundation in two layers, which will provide the required level of waterproofing. This is followed by the laying of a solid layer of brick. It is very important to maintain the horizontal level of the base.
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Each subsequent row is performed according to the pattern with the binding of bricks. To install the grate, you will have to process the bricks on which it rests with a grinder, making a recess in them. Before installing the door in a niche, its frame is wrapped with an asbestos cord. This is a reliable way to seal the structure.
Using red brick for masonry
The final stage is the installation of a fireplace chimney.It should be noted that the requirements for an outdoor chimney are not as stringent as for a room chimney, so you can use ready-made frames that are mounted on the erected fireplace body. The main task of the chimney is to remove smoke from the level in which people are staying. The chimney can rise above the structure by only a few centimeters.
Photos of beautiful outdoor fireplaces, stoves and barbecues
We build from bricks
Furnaces in the courtyard, built of brick, are built in exactly the same way as room stoves. A pit is made for the foundation, commensurate with the dimensions of the furnace structure. Waterproofing is laid at the bottom. Brickwork begins to be laid on the foundation strictly according to the scheme. This scheme is called ordering. It is different for each type of barbecue. Its essence is to correctly lay bricks in the place of the firebox and chimney. If the masonry is made inaccurately, then the stove structure will not burn. The smoke will not go down the chimney. You can decorate and revet an outdoor barbecue fireplace with your own hands in any way.
Brick oven on the street
How is the laying
The design of an outdoor fireplace of various modifications has few fundamental differences.
The first step is to prepare the solution. Mix sand and cement in a container. But here clay or chamotte powder is already added. This is due to the high temperatures that will occur during the operation of the fireplace. At least 10 percent of the total mass of the solution is added to the powder, which ensures proper heat resistance. If this advice was ignored, you should prepare for the fact that the solution will simply be covered with cracks in the near future.
The best option for making a firebox is considered to be a brick lining of a cast-iron container.
Barbecue ordering.
In places of the highest temperature stress, it is recommended to lay refractory bricks. The foundation should be closed with roofing material, this is done for waterproofing.
As soon as the laying has begun, the first step is to make a solid brick plane, which must be done perfectly evenly (time to use the level). The first row is laid out with whole bricks.
During the entire construction period, it is important to control the correct execution of the corners. To do this, use a level and a square. It is recommended to lay the elements of the fireplace without mortar in order to check the correctness of the future installation. Do not force and immediately lay on the mortar.
The subsequent rows after the first are laid with a dressing. This means that the next row overlaps the seam of the previous one. You can put halves from the second row.
At the time when the stove will be installed, it will be necessary to install grate bars through which air enters the firebox and ash wakes up. The grates are laid on bricks and outlined with a pencil. The next step will be to perform depressions in the masonry, for this, a grinder with a stone disc is used. Reproduction is performed along the depth of the grate and slightly wider than it, literally by a couple of centimeters. Then they are stacked to check if the grates are against the bricks.
The door frame should be treated with asbestos cord to prevent smoke penetration and ensure a snug fit.
Somewhere from the 6th row, the formation of a support base begins, this is done by transverse laying of bricks. A half-brick stands for masonry; you can install a frying shelf on them, if it is provided for by the project.
Materials and tools
For the construction of a classic outdoor fireplace, materials will be required:
• crushed stone, sand, cement;
To carry out the work, you should prepare the tool:
• level, plumb line, ruler, square;
• container for kneading;
Steps for creating an open fireplace for the garden
Layout of masonry corner brick fireplaces.
The first thing to do at the very beginning of the work is to choose a place that is perfect for construction. After that, you need to create a plan by drawing, at least approximately, the future structure. Using the resulting sketch, in the future it will be possible to calculate with accuracy the amount of required material. Then you can proceed to the construction of the foundation, when creating which it should be noted that the weight of the structure can be very large. It is necessary to fill the base with the addition of crushed stone to the solution. The simplest version of the fireplace, which will be easy to handle when building it with your own hands, is in the shape of the letter P. In height, this structure usually does not exceed 1 m, while the foundation for it must be highly durable.
The approximate depth of the base can vary from 80 cm to 1 m. Even before the start of the brickwork, it will be necessary to lay several layers of roofing material on the arranged foundation, and only then begin to lay the first layer of bricks. The foundation is constructed as follows: a previously prepared solution is poured into a dug trench, previously reinforced with a metal mesh. It should contain 1 part of cement, 3 parts of river sand and 3 parts of fine gravel or gravel. Add 200 g of plasticizer to these dry components and mix everything thoroughly in a concrete mixer. Then dilute the dry mixture with water until the solution resembles the consistency of thick sour cream. The mixed mortar is immediately poured into the trench and the top surface is leveled with a trowel. After that, the base will need to be given at least 3 days in order for it to dry.
Playground
It is necessary to start the construction of a stove structure, like any structure, by determining its place in your summer cottage. The site on which the oven will stand must be prepared. Lay it out with stones or paving slabs. Remove all dry branches and dry grass. It is not recommended to install fireplaces close to trees and shrubs. It is necessary to take all measures to protect against sparks and fire spreading through the territory of your summer cottage. Among other things, you must remember that you cannot leave the street hearth unattended either.
