Heating systems have changed a lot since their inception. The initial concept implied the obligatory summing up of communications and the immobility of the structure. However, modern boilers can be installed anywhere, separate from power lines. At the moment, such devices are not much more expensive than traditional ones, because the demand allows the production of goods at a reasonable price, which will be available to consumers of any income.
Types of non-volatile boilers
Single-circuit and double-circuit
Passing through the heating element, the water temperature rises. This is how it works single-circuit boiler (circuit - the trajectory along which the water moves). Double-circuit boiler works on a similar principle, except that the heated water passes through a system of sensors that measure the temperature and send information to the control panel.
If the temperature exceeds the norm, the gas pressure is reduced to balance it. If the temperature readings turn out to be critical, the system will turn off the boiler for a whileto avoid overheating, then turn it on again.
Floor and wall
Certain systems are too heavy or too bulky to fit on walls, so install them can only be on the floor.
Another reason - a portable pump that can vibrate, thereby weakening the point of contact with the wall. As a rule, only large boilers for large-scale enterprises and warehouses.
Advantages and disadvantages of independent boilers
The main advantages of the operation of this gas boiler is precisely the lack of connection to the mains. Since this is an additional saving and you do not need to connect the outlet.
It should be noted that these devices are easy to operate. And also the security of the system. This type of boilers is the simplest. And it is suitable for heating both small houses and large rooms.
Silence during operation of a double-circuit device independent of electricity is ensured by the absence of pumps. Such devices are reliable and durable. This can be explained by the fact that such boilers have been produced for a long time and their operation has been tested in practice for more than one year. An independent boiler provides high efficiency. A double-circuit boiler easily provides the desired temperature in the house, as well as hot water.
In such devices, the heat exchanger lasts much longer than in other models of gas boilers.
Let's note the disadvantages of such a boiler:
A gas boiler independent of electricity should only be installed in a house with good chimney draft. This is essential for the safe and high-quality operation of the device. If the thrust is insufficient, then the fire will constantly extinguish, due to the actuated reverse thrust valve.
In the presence of an independent gas boiler, the heating system does not always work as we would like. For example, if you install pipes of the wrong diameter or do not calculate the desired location. All of these factors are very important. It is better to design a heating system for a specific gas boiler, then there is a guarantee that no failures will occur.
How to choose the right model?
- First you need to decide on purpose of purchase... If the boiler is purchased for personal home use, then you should not buy expensive large devices. For heating an apartment or a small private house, a medium-price product is suitable, with a power of 10-15 kW.
- Then it is necessary estimate the budget, which will include purchase, delivery, installation.The last point often does not take part in the calculations, but in vain, because when purchasing an expensive boiler, you need to connect it correctly, otherwise a breakdown is inevitable.
- pay attention to reviews on the internetto find out how easy the chosen boiler is to operate and how difficult it is to find spare parts.
- Consult contact your equipment supplier for this matter. Almost all modern firms offer services of departure of the master to the installation site. The specialist will assess the area and furnishings and offer several options for the buyer.
Types of boilers that do not require a power supply
There are not so many types of equipment based on design differences. There are many more devices that differ in the type of fuel:
- Wood burning.
- Coal and coke.
- Pellet.
Of course, now there are combination boilers that with the same diligence digest any kind of combustible materials, but they are usually quite expensive, complex and do not have the same technical perfection as those using one or the other. And most of them require an electric power supply, otherwise the boiler will turn off, and the heating system will stop working.
Therefore, the range of devices is significantly reduced, which greatly simplifies the selection process:
- Purely mechanical boilers.
- Conventional ovens.
- Fireplaces.
Due to the difficulties in installation and operation, only boilers are of interest, which do not take up too much space, have a fairly high efficiency, are reliable and can be easily built into any heating system using standard means.
The main difference from electronic counterparts with microprocessor brains is the lack of the ability to fine-tune the parameters of the system and automatic control. On the one hand, this is a minus, and on the other, plus. Minus - because it is inconvenient and all manipulations have to be done manually, not forgetting to independently control all indicators. The plus lies in exceptional reliability - there is practically nothing to break in a mechanical boiler and heating of a private house without electricity is uninterrupted. Unless a manufacturing defect can darken the joy of enjoying the warmth.
Cost-effectiveness of coherent installations
The use of coherent installations in a cottage can only be beneficial under certain conditions. The principle of parallel generation of heat and electricity forces the simultaneous exploitation of these types of energy. Otherwise, the efficiency of the equipment falls, and with it profitability. So, there are several prerequisites for the profitability of coherent installations:
- simultaneous and balanced consumption of heat and electricity;
- full load on the installation throughout the entire service life;
- maximum selection of generated electricity.
An imbalance between the consumption of thermal and electrical energy is formed when the heat demand of the house is low. However, if the heat consumption of the house was taken into account when choosing a model of a cogeneration unit, then excess heat should not be generated. The same can be said about electricity costs. A guarantee of the profitability of a coherent installation can only be given by a careful calculation of the economic feasibility of the system.
The emerging CHP market places a lot of emphasis on micro CHP plants specifically designed for small single-family homes. Such devices are capable of generating from 1 kW of electricity, using fossil energy sources as a primary fuel. Recently, more and more models of micro-CHPP on pellets appear, and by 2020 it is planned to establish mass production of micro-CHPP on fuel cells.
Many large manufacturers of heating equipment today are developing micro-CHP plants equipped with a Stirling engine running on gas. Such installations can be designed for both seasonal and year-round operation.
Experts predict a great future for cogeneration. It is currently one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to generate heat and power. Such installations allow not only to provide the house with electricity, but also solve the problem of peak loads, and can also be considered as sources of uninterrupted power supply.
Boiler operation
Since there is no access to electricity, the double-circuit boiler has a thermogenerator that stops the gas supply to the burner. This occurs when the thermal carrier is exposed to the regulator. Automation resumes gas supply to the boiler when the thermal carrier cools down to a certain temperature.
Ignition occurs with the help of a piezoelectric element, which ignites the ignition burner (it burns constantly) and, if necessary, ignites the main heat source from it. It also helps to heat the liquid in the heating system.
Do-it-yourself electric generator on wood
Do-it-yourself wood-fired generator. For those who like to while away the evening with their hands - the very thing!
Advantages of this generator: - Fuel - everything that burns or heats. - USB output 5 Volts, 500mA. - Does not depend on the sun, wind, etc. - Simple and sturdy construction that can last forever. - You can cook food on it while your phone is charging. - Versatility. - Anyone can collect at home in 1 evening (even an employee of AvtoVAZ =)). - Cheapness of construction. It was not me who invented, there are commercial copies that are much better than mine. For example, BioLite CampStove, its price is 7900 rubles. My copy was whipped up for this article and further experiments. The basis is the Peltier element. This is a thermoelectric module used in water coolers and portable refrigerators, and is also used to cool the processor. When voltage is applied to it, one side cools and the other heats up. On the contrary, we will heat one side to get electricity. The main principle is that one side is heated, and the other remains unchanged, for maximum efficiency, a temperature difference of 100 degrees Celsius is needed.
We need: - Peltier element I used TEC1-12710, its characteristics:
- An unnecessary power supply from a computer Anyone, even one that burned out, and everything except the case burned out - Voltage stabilizer DC-DC Boost Module, Input voltage 1-5 Volts, the output is always 5V. - Heatsink (the more the better), preferably with a 5V cooler, since the radiator will gradually heat up. In winter, this does not threaten, since you can put the radiator on ice. - Thermal grease - Toolbox The main elements are the Peltier module and the transducer. You can experiment with their characteristics. TEC1-12710 module, rated for 10 A (there is less, there is more). But the more powerful ones will be larger. The higher the amperage, the more efficient and expensive it is. I bought on Dx.com for about 250 rubles. In our electronics stores, this costs about 1,500 rubles. The module is designed for a maximum voltage of 12V, but it does not produce so much because of its low efficiency when we use it in the opposite direction, i.e. to receive current.
In order for the 5 volts to be stable and the devices to be charged safely, a boost stabilizer is needed. It starts to give out 5 Volts when there is only 1 on the Peltier element. You can find out that everything is ready for charging by the lit LED on the module. You can assemble your own, but I decided to trust the Chinese, they offer a ready-made module with USB output, for 80 rubles. on the same site.
Let's gut our power supply.I had to make additional holes for better air circulation (the power supply was very old). The main principle is that the air is sucked in from below, and it exits through the top. Simply put, you need to make an ordinary stove. Be sure to include an opening for slipping in chips and a pot or mug for boiling water if you need to. Next, you need to attach the Peltier module with a radiator to a flat wall, after applying thermal paste evenly. The tighter the contact, the better. The side where the model is written is cold, it is to it that we apply the radiator. If you are confused, the module will not output voltage, in this case you just need to swap the wires.
We solder the boost converter and find where to hide it. You can even leave it hanging on the wires, but you definitely need to insulate it, for example, put heat shrink on it.
Putting it all together. Here's what you should get:
How it works? We throw branches inside, chips, in general, everything that burns. Then we kindle. The fire heats the walls of the stove and the Peltier element, which is on one of these walls. The other side of the element, which is on the radiator, remains at the outside temperature. The greater the temperature difference, the more power, but don't overdo it. The maximum efficiency is achieved already at a difference of 100 degrees. Over time, the radiator begins to heat up and needs to be cooled. You can throw snow, sprinkle with water, put a radiator on ice or in water, put a mug of cold water on it. There are many options, the simplest is a cooler, it will take some of the power, but due to cooling, the overall result will not change.
DO NOT expose the element to high temperatures, it may burn out and burn. The documentation indicates a maximum temperature of 180 ° C, but you don't really need to worry, with good cooling and nothing will happen to it on simple firewood. If you are not lazy and do everything right, you will get just such a simple woodchip on which you can heat food, boil, water and at the same time charge your gadgets. It can be used at home if the electricity is turned off by putting a candle inside. By the way, if you connect LEDs to it, the light will be much brighter than from the candle itself. Wherever you can find something burning, you will have electricity, heat and the ability to conveniently cook food, using less fuel than a fire.
First tests!
After work I went to the forest, the sun almost went down, the brushwood was wet, but the stove paid off 100%.
The result exceeded all my expectations. Immediately after the chips burned up, the indicator came on, I plug in the phone and it began to charge. Charging was stable. The converter did not strain at all. I also took a laptop cooling pad with me, it has 2 coolers and LEDs, it should consume decently. Connected, everything is spinning, glows, the breeze is blowing. I also took a USB fan, connected it at the end, when there were only coals left. Everything is spinning great, I don't even know what else to try. Result: Everything works great and gives out its Ampere floor. All the same, you need a cooler. in half an hour the radiator warmed up about 40 degrees, in summer it will be even more. Let it spin for yourself. The tongues of flame are bursting high upward, I personally do not need such a fire, I will close some of the holes so that it burns more slowly. I will do everything in a new way, I will take as a basis a standard splinter that is made from cans, but I will make it out of metal thicker and rectangular. I will buy a good heatsink with a cooler of a suitable shape and will try to make a collapsible version so that it takes up less space when carrying it.
What else to read on the topic:
- IF frequencies not affected by Raman interference (144 - 146 MHz range)
- Minister Shchegolev on digital TV and radio frequencies
- VHF Amateur Radio Repeaters
- Radio pirates. Like us and like “them”
- Belarus joined CEPT
- Radio propagation in the range of 160 m
- Simple RF current meter
- Hawaiian homeless radio amateur KH7CX
- The sun and its cycles of activity
- Morse code is for everyone!
- Alternative way of working by telegraph
How to make the best choice?
To begin with, the nature of the operation of the device is determined. It is important to determine for what needs the generator is being selected. For example, for servicing a summer cottage, a universal stove with heating and cooking functions would be the best option - in this case, as a rule, users do without even supplying power to third-party consumers. And on the contrary, if a wood-fired electric generator is chosen to maintain a large house, then you will have to focus on high-power installations provided with a synchronous motor. Such a unit will be able to take on part of the function of the main source of energy supply, but for this it is necessary to prepare for the significant consumption of wood resources.
The principle of operation of the equipment
The basis of any power plant is formed by the power filling, which in this case is represented by an internal combustion engine. The source of energy is wood fuel, which, when burned, generates electricity. The work process is accompanied by the transmission of the torque to the rotary unit. The rotation of the rotor also leads to the generation of current, which can later be used in different ways, depending on the needs of consumers and the power potential of the station itself, which runs on wood. An electric generator, for example, can be supplied with outlets for connecting other equipment or small appliances. Some modifications are combined station-ovens, which, using electricity, also provide a heating function. It should be understood that wood-burning generators are significantly inferior to diesel and even gasoline in terms of power, but for domestic needs such a choice may be optimal.
Types of independent gas boilers
There are the following types of boilers operating without electricity:
- single-circuit
- apply only to the heating system; - double-circuit
- these are devices that, in addition to heating, also provide hot water for household needs.
Fig. 1 Double-circuit boiler with a boiler connected to the system
Double-circuit gas boilers, in turn, provide hot water in 2 ways: flow and storage.
