Heating calculator: calculating the cost of installing heating a house

Calculation of payment according to standards

It is necessary to understand how the payment for heating is calculated according to the standard, and you need to use this technique only in cases where there are no meters at all in an apartment building, neither general nor individual.

Heating calculation according to the standard is carried out according to the following formula:

Pi = Si x NT x TT, where
Si is the total area of the room that consumes thermal energy,
NT is the normative value of heat consumption,
TT is the tariff set by the local heating service provider.

Substituting the required values in the formula, you can calculate the cost of heating. The consumption rate may vary depending on the region, therefore, it is necessary to look for the required value in the relevant regulatory documents. Tariffs are also individual, and before calculating heating according to the standard, you need to find out the specific values.

How to calculate the payment for heating by the meter.

Initial data for the calculation of payment for heat by the meter from the previous article: readings of the heat meter for the reporting period, taken together with the service organization:
25.10. 2020 - 368.12 Gcal 27.11. 2020 - 465, 15 Gcal

in the reporting period, 33 days fall for the calculation of payment for heat on the meter.
the reporting period for calculating payment is established by the heating networks from 25.10. 2020 to 25.11.2015 - 31 days.
hot water is not supplied to the house.
heat losses, according to the contract, in November - 1.15 Gcal.
a break in the supply of electricity - 16 hours.

It should be borne in mind that heat losses when calculating the payment for heat by the meter may differ slightly from those indicated in the contract, both upward and downward, since when calculating the payment, they are adjusted to the real temperature of the current month according to the official certificate of the Hydrometeorological Center for your area ... You can read about it here ...

Let's calculate the average value of the consumed heat (heat energy) by the meter per day

(465, 15 - 368.12) / 33 = 2.94 Gcal

And in an hour - come in handy later if the heat meter had interruptions in operation

2.94 / 24 = 0.122512 Gcal / hour

We multiply the heat consumed per day by the meter by the number of days in the reporting month

2.94 x 31 = 91.14 Gcal / hour

Adding heat loss from the interface to metering devices

91.14 + 1.15 = 92.29 Gcal

If there were malfunctions in the operation of the heat meter or interruptions in the power supply, we will calculate the amount of underestimated thermal energy.

We have a power outage of 16 hours.

0.122512 x 16 = 1.96 Gcal

The formula for calculating the general house meter in an apartment building

Next, you need to figure out how heating in an apartment building is considered in the presence of a common meter. It is worth noting that common-house heat meters in an apartment building save money for all residents. Subject to the availability of such a device, the heating calculation is carried out in accordance with its readings. What is important - individual metering devices can already be installed in individual apartments, but if they are not in every apartment, then the calculation is still carried out according to general indicators.

The formula for calculating heating by a common meter is as follows:

Pi = VД x Si / Sob x TT, where
TT is the tariff cost of heat set for a particular region by a local supplier,
VД - the total volume of heat consumed by the building, which is determined by the difference in the readings of the total meters installed at the entrance and exit from the heating circuit of the building,
Si is the total area of a heated apartment not equipped with an individual metering device,
Sob is the total heated area in the entire building.

Substitution of specific values is performed in the same way as in the previous example. When the formula takes into account all the necessary values, you can calculate the heating in an apartment building.

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Calculation of heating by individual meters

Now it's worth figuring out how payment for heating an apartment is charged, provided there is a meter. If each apartment in the house is equipped with its own meter (at least a general one), then the calculation of the payment for heating can be calculated according to its readings. The cost of heat in this case is formed from the total heat, which was taken into account by an individual metering device, and the level of general household consumption.

The calculation formula is as follows:

Pi = (Vin + Viun x Si / Srev) x TKP, where
Vin is the total amount of consumed heat energy recorded by an individual meter,
Viodn - the amount of heat energy spent on heating non-residential premises in the whole house (determined as the difference between the general house indicator and the sum of all apartment meters),
Si is the total area of the apartment,
Sb - the total area of all heated rooms in the building.

Heat consumption is divided into individual and general consumption

The first postulate of Resolution No. 46-P, which should be paid attention to, establishes the procedure for calculating the payment for utility services for heat supply. Since an apartment building is a voluminous building system that includes both premises and common property, its operation involves not only heating costs inside a separate apartment, but also costs for general building needs.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation also agreed with this, noting in clause 1.1 No. 46-P that disconnecting individual rooms of the house from the centralized heating system does not stop the owner of such a room from consuming thermal energy for general needs.

Paragraph 2 of clause 40 of the RF PP No. 354 obliged consumers to pay for heating services in aggregate, without dividing into indoor consumption and consumption in order to maintain common property. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation declared it invalid (paragraph 3, clause 5, No. 46-P).

Now the consumer who has turned off the centralized heating in the apartment may not pay for it inside the building, but must pay for the heating spent on the maintenance of the common property of the owners.

Why is even the only apartment heat meter in the MKD - calculated
19896
9

Calculation of heating in communal apartments

By and large, there is no particular difference in calculating the cost of heating in communal apartments from the methods described above - all formulas and indicators are the same, you just need to substitute specific values. The only difference in how heating bills are charged in the case of communal apartments comes down to the proportional distribution of payments for each room.

If you still carry out a special calculation for communal apartments, you get the following formula:

Pj.i = Vi x Sj.i / Ski x TT, where
Sj.i - living area of a separate room,
Ski is the total area of all rooms in a communal apartment.

Heating of non-residential premises may not be taken into account in this formula, since the actual values are always minimum.

Questions about payment for heating services

Low battery heating is one of the problems of central heating
In addition to the lack of transparency in the procedure for calculating payments for heating, there are a number of problems associated with district heating. In most cases, they are about the quality of the services provided, the legality of collecting year-round payments, as well as methods of calculating payment for electric heating.

Alas, in the law on payment for central heating services, most of the calculations and possible compensation for poor quality services are given. Getting the latter is extremely difficult due to the paperwork. Let's consider the main problems of district heating and how to solve them.

Year-round or seasonal payment for heating services

Problems of calculating year-round payment for heat supply

Over the past five to seven years, a new form of charging the cost of services for district heating has emerged. Paying for heating during the summer has become a common practice. But how convenient is it for the consumer and legitimate from the point of view of legislation?

The problem is that an ordinary consumer cannot choose whether to pay him for heat supply all year round or only during the heating season. This decision is made only between the management company and the heat supply organization. In rare cases, it is possible to change the payment schedule in agreement with the HOA or the housing cooperative.

What are the features of payment for heating in the summer?

Inability to control the relevance of the charged fee. To form it, the management company uses many intricate and complex methods;
Uniform financial burden on the consumer. The cost of heat supply services in summer and winter is always the same. Those. expenses in February will be the same as in August;
Possibility of making a decision on seasonal payment for heat supply in the presence of heating meters.

It is because of the last point that residents of apartment buildings prefer to install a common heat meter.

Payment for gas and electric heating

Gas autonomous heating

Whenever possible, many apartment owners try to disconnect from the central heating supply. Alternatively, autonomous systems are made with gas or electric boilers.

In practice, you can face many problems when organizing such heat supply systems. The main one is not to pay for electric heating, but to obtain permission to equip it. And even after the legal installation of the equipment, the following difficulties may arise:

Payment for gas heating will be charged on a general basis.Before that, it is imperative that you install a gas meter for consumption;
Additionally, you will need to pay for heating associated with common premises. The procedure for calculating it was described above;
It is impossible to connect the boiler to the central heating system, having previously disconnected from it. This will lead to the opening of the common house circuit.

There is a possibility of savings when organizing electric heating. It consists in the provision of a preferential tariff by the electricity supplier. But it can only be used if the house does not have a gas main. If available, the cost of power supply services will be calculated on a general basis.

In the video, you can familiarize yourself with the possible problems of operating a general house heat meter:

Calculation of autonomous heating

Apartment buildings can do without centralized heating - their own boiler room is used to supply heat. With how to calculate heating in an apartment building under this condition, problems may arise - the calculation formula is rather complicated and not very convenient. The volume of thermal energy is measured in GCAL - what it is and how it is considered, we will discuss further.

The calculation formula is as follows:

Poi = Ev x (Vcri x Si / Sreb x TKRV), where
Vкрi - the volume of energy used for the generation of heat energy,
TKPV is the cost of a given resource, which is determined by current prices for energy carriers,
Si is the area of an individual living space,
Sb - the total area of the building.

Turnkey heating cost calculator

Underfloor heating without heating system

Included in cost:
Equipment:

Heating radiators
Radiator trim kit
Shut-off and control valves
Fasteners for pipes
Boiler heating equipment (if necessary, selection)

Work:

Assembling radiators
Installing the radiator in a regular place
Installation of pipes for radiators without chipping walls, ceilings, floors
Drilling walls (except for monolithic and concrete slabs)
Installation of boiler equipment (if necessary)
Crimping
Filling with coolant
Commissioning works

Heat meters

In accordance with current legislation, heat meters must be installed without fail. An important point - the meter is purchased and installed at the expense of the owner of the premises.

The work of heat meters is to measure the temperature difference of the coolant at the inlet and outlet to the system, while taking into account the volume of the supplied coolant. There are two main types of meters - tachometer and ultrasonic. The latter are much more expensive, but the high price pays off with higher measurement accuracy and reliability.

When buying a meter, be sure to check whether it is certified and whether it can be used for heat metering. The installed heating meter must be sealed by specialists who have the right to perform such work. The devices are verified every four years.

The cost of heat meters is usually relatively low, but it must be taken into account that a number of additional elements will be required for installation:

Regulating valve;
Cleaning filter;
Shut-off valves.

You will have to pay a lot for additional items. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the cost of inserting, piping and connecting the meter - these works can only be performed by companies that have the appropriate permits. The cost of all work may be even higher than the cost of the meter itself, but these are mandatory expenses.

When choosing a company that will install the meter, you should also pay attention to whether its specialists perform the following work:

Manufacturing of the installation project.
Coordination of the project with the heating service provider.
Initial verification and meter registration.
Putting the device into operation.

Of course, the cost of a heat meter and work on its installation is quite high, but all this is eventually offset by savings in paying for heating.

Rules for making an appeal

The legislator does not establish a clear structure of the application, it is drawn up in any form and in accordance with the general rules of office work. The application indicates:

name and data of the recipient organization;
personal data of the applicant;
the address of the living space;
statement of the request for recalculation of payment for the supply of the service;
the period for which you want to recalculate payments;
indication of the grounds with the attachment of the relevant documents.

It is important to know: Requirements for housing and communal services receipts

The application can be submitted as part of a personal visit to the organization or sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt (be sure to attach a list of attachments). In case of personal contact, a copy of the document remains with the applicant, a note of receipt is made on it, indicating the incoming registration number.

Payment for heating upon consumption

If the payment for heating is made during the heating season, then in the absence of the TPU, the calculation of the cost of heating is made based on the consumption rate (formula 2 of Appendix 2 of Rules 354, column 2 of row 2 of the table).

From the moment when the readings of the OPU begin to be accepted for commercial accounting, two calculation options are possible - for the case when all the premises of the house are equipped with an IPU for heating, and for the case when not all rooms are equipped with an IPU.

1. If the house is equipped with an OPU, while at least one room is not equipped with an IMU, formula 3 of Appendix 2 of Regulation 354 (column 2 of row 3 of the table) applies.

2. If the house is equipped with a control room and all 100% of the premises are equipped with a control room, then formula 3.3 of Appendix 2 of Regulation 354 (column 2 of row 4 of the table) applies.

It should be noted that the date of commissioning of the OPU into operation may not coincide with the date from which the readings of the OPU are taken into account for the purposes of calculating the cost of consumed heat energy. If the OPU was put into operation not from the beginning of the month, it seems unacceptable to use the amount of heat measured by such a device consumed during part of the month. In this case, it is necessary to use the readings of the meter from the first day of the month following the month the instrument was put into operation.

The formulas for calculating the cost of heating, in which the readings of the TPU are applied, contain the volume of heat consumption determined exclusively for the billing period, while in accordance with paragraph 37 of Rules 354 "The billing period for payment of utilities is set equal to a calendar month."

Thus, if a metering device is put into operation not from the first day of the month, the correct use of the meter readings in calculations is possible only when using the device measurements made from the first day of the month following the month when the OPU was put into operation.

The most important, which should be noted for the case of commissioning the control room when choosing the method of payment for heating during the heating period: in this case, the cost of heating is calculated in a different way already from the first day of the month following the month when the control room of heat energy is put into operation (or from the moment the control room is put into operation if such an entry was made on the first day of the month).

Payment for heating evenly throughout the year

If the payment for heating is made evenly throughout the year, then in the absence of the TPU, the cost of heating is calculated based on the consumption rate, taking into account the frequency coefficient (formula 2.1 of Appendix 2 of Rules 354, column 3 of row 2 of the table).

1. If the house is equipped with an OPU, while at least one room is not equipped with an ICU, formulas 3.1 (volume of consumption per month) and 3.2 (amount of adjustment) of Appendix 2 of Rules 354 (column 3 of row 3 of the table) are applied.

2.If the house is equipped with a control room and all 100% of the premises are equipped with an IPU, then formulas 3.3 (consumption volume per month) and 3.4 (amount of adjustment) of Appendix 2 of Rules 354 (column 3 of row 4 of the table) are applied.

It should be noted that when paying for heating evenly throughout the year, the calculation formulas contain the average monthly volume of heat consumption for the previous year. Such a volume can be determined according to the indications of the control room (and the IPU - in the case of the equipment of the control room of all premises of the house), however, in the case of the introduction of the control room into operation (that is, in the absence of the control room in the previous year), it is impossible to determine the average monthly consumption volumes using metering devices. According to the commentary to the formula 3.1 of Appendix 2 of Rules 354 "In the absence of readings from the general house meter for the previous year, the average monthly volume of heat energy consumption is determined based on the consumption rate of the heating utility service."

The most important, which should be noted for the case of commissioning the substation control unit when choosing the method of payment for heating evenly throughout the year: in this case, the cost of heating presented to consumers for payment does not change after the control unit is put into operation. The actual volume of heat consumption determined by the GTC is used to adjust the heating bill and to calculate the average monthly consumption in the next heating period.

Heating tariffs in Russia in 2020

connected to the heating network directly without intermediate energy conversion points - 1,531.26 excluding VAT
connected to the network not directly, but through heating points (through points operated by the heating network organization) - 1,932.16 excluding VAT

The total amount in the line "Accrued" by type of payment "Heating" is influenced not only by the number of square meters of the premises. The calculations also take into account the heat loss during the transportation of the resource, respectively, the payments are influenced by the condition, the degree of deterioration, pipes and equipment. It is the need for overhaul and modernization of the centralized heat supply system that forces the regional authorities to raise tariffs.

How to calculate the amount yourself

You will be able to calculate the amount of payment for heating in your apartment yourself. But before that, consider some factors:

Determine how many months in a year the heat payment is charged. Only for the period when hot water is supplied to the batteries or throughout the calendar year.
Find out if a common-house heat meter is installed in your apartment building.
Find out if your living space is equipped with a separate heat meter or its own radiator distributors.
Determine how the heating system in your home is filled with hot water. Through the central city system or through special equipment installed in your home.

Based on these parameters, you can use certain formulas to calculate payments for heating an apartment.

How to reduce payments

To reduce the amount of monthly payments for heat, the only way is to install individual heat metering devices. But before that, you might run into several problems:

Obtaining permission to install an IPU is a time-consuming process. For the installation to be approved, the specifications must be confirmed or improved. On their basis, a suitable type of meter is selected.
For regular payment for heating using an individual metering device, you need to send the meters for verification in a timely manner. To carry it out, dismantle and re-install the meter, which entails additional costs. If the verification takes place during the heating season, then the payment for heating the apartment for a while without an IPU is carried out according to the established standard.Therefore, it is better to take the meters in the summer, although there may be long queues at this time.
Expensive IPU installation. Payment for the service of installing one meter can reach 25 thousand rubles. Some companies charge a separate fee for dismantling. In addition, verification is also paid. And if the meter does not pass the verification in the maintenance service or breaks down, it must be replaced in a timely manner.

Despite the difficulties and large investments in the initial installation, with the help of an individual device, you can significantly reduce your monthly heating bills.