Installing a stove in a bathhouse on a wooden floor: step by step instructions

A proper Russian bath should have a high-quality stove. It is she who creates moist, hot steam, which is so beneficial to human health. And it doesn't matter which option you choose - a metal stove or a brick stove - the main thing is that it is fireproof and can warm up the steam room and the rest room at the same time.

Installation of a stove in a Russian bath can be done in two ways:

• the whole structure is located in the steam room;
• the firebox is located on the other side of the wall in an adjacent room.

Each of these options has its own technical and operational features. The most suitable method for installing the heater should be chosen at the design stage.

What is the purpose of laying a bath stove

People who are well versed in the "bathing" issues are sure that in order to create a "correct" iron bath stove, it is necessary to properly brick it. It is such a heater that is characterized by the supply of soft heat, light steam, while remaining hot for a long time.

Some people think that a significant disadvantage of bricking a metal stove in a steam room is that it takes too long to get the desired temperature in the steam room. Plus, in order to build a brick structure, a considerable amount of funds is required for materials. This is provided that you will do the laying yourself.

Given these circumstances, many people prefer metal bath stoves without bricking them. Although, over time, it becomes obvious that such furnace devices have a number of disadvantages that are absent in brick counterparts:

• fast heating, but also fast cooling;
• hard heat is emitted from the hot metal walls, which causes some discomfort for visitors in the steam room.

So how can you put the stove in the bathhouse so that it is cheap, beautiful and the quality of functioning of the structure does not suffer?

Craftsmen have found a universal solution: to protect against infrared radiation and in order to accumulate heat, it is necessary to install a kind of barrier in the form of a brick partition between the metal structure and the space of the steam room. Therefore, the optimal solution was found: it is necessary to cover the bathing unit with bricks. This option is relatively cheap and effective.

Installation of the fuel channel

To install a remote combustion channel, a hole is made in the wall. When calculating the parameters of the opening, they are based on its dimensions, which must be taken taking into account the length of the legs of the structure.

https://www.youtube.com/video/sp3mHnRzC3I

To find out the distance between the remote firebox and the surface of the combustible part, take into account the power of the stove:

1. This value can be found in the manufacturer's passport of the unit. When the structure is built with his own hand, then fire safety standards are taken into account based on the maximum power. Without protection, it is 40 centimeters and with thermal insulation -25 centimeters. The size of the opening is not affected by the length of the channel. After completion of the installation, the gap between the main part of the structure and the partition must be at least 5 centimeters. The surface of the walls is sheathed with fire-resistant material.
2. The decoration of the firebox in the bath, if the channel passes through wooden elements, is done with bricks. The masonry should not reach the firebox by about 25 millimeters due to the possible expansion of the metal when heated. A heat-resistant material is placed in the gap, it can be, for example, basalt wool. The heat insulator must be resistant to temperatures up to 1000 degrees.
3. If you plan to clad a brick wall through which the firebox passes with wood, you need to retreat from the opening by 10 centimeters in all directions. The surface on both sides of the wall is covered with stainless steel sheets, for which holes are made in the metal for a remote firebox. An opening measuring 40x60 or 25x50 centimeters is created in a concrete or brick partition.

What kind of brick to use

Before starting the main work, you must decide on the material. How to overlay the stove in the bath, what materials are used for this?

Often, such structures are erected from bricks available in the household. And this is normal, since everyone wants to spend the minimum amount of money, with the maximum return. Therefore, at home there is always a whole brick (silicate, red ceramic - full-bodied and hollow production, fireclay), or pieces of them.

If you start with a silicate brick, then it should be noted that such a brick is ideal for cladding a house, ancillary buildings. It perfectly tolerates the influence of atmospheric precipitation and therefore is durable. But for performing work on the lining of metal bath stoves, it is not at all suitable. The fact is that in bathing conditions such a brick will not withstand for a long time and will begin to collapse, since its main ingredient is slaked lime, which absorbs moisture well.

A good option for creating a thermal partition is a fireclay (refractory) type of brick. It easily tolerates sudden temperature changes and has a high heat capacity. True, the appearance would like to be the best. But this is not a problem, since it is also possible to revet the stove after lining with porcelain stoneware, as well as other materials.

Advice! It is advisable to cover the sauna stove with refractory bricks in cases where you have more than enough of it. And to acquire it for this purpose on purpose is very expensive. Therefore, you need to think about using it in another, more necessary place of the home construction site.

Refractory bricks are used in cases where there is a small distance between the masonry and the metal surface - from 1 to 2 cm. In this case, the brick will warm up to a temperature of 350-400⁰С.

When the gap is within 6-9 cm, then the heating will drop to 180-200⁰C, which is caused by a sharp increase in the air speed in the gap between the oven and the partition.

An excellent option for lining the stove in a bath is red brick. Preferably full-bodied, although hollow is also fine. But nevertheless, it is better to choose, if there is such an opportunity, the first option, since a hollow one has a small heat capacity and heat will not last long.

It should be noted that both the standard size of stones and their thickened version are used for lining a sauna stove with bricks. Usually they put the wall in half a brick, although it is practiced in a quarter. But in this case, it is necessary to additionally strengthen the wall, which complicates the matter a little.

The need to take security measures

Since the sauna stove is a metal structure, it heats up to high temperatures during operation and the adoption of safety measures, including fire-prevention measures, is a necessary measure.

Installation requirements:

1. The stove should be located at a distance of half a meter from the bath walls, and a heat shield made of insulating material is installed near the partition through which the combustion channel comes out. Such protective screens for sauna stoves are important enough that they should not be neglected.
2. When on the side wall there is a single thermal insulation made of metal or cement sheets with a thickness of about 1 millimeter, a smaller gap is left - up to 25 centimeters. When using two sheets (double insulation), the distance is made equal to 12.5 centimeters.The heat-insulating material is fixed so that it does not touch the ceiling and the floor, not close to the wall, but leaving a 3-centimeter gap.
3. The distance from the surface of the structure to the ceiling should not be less than 120 centimeters. A gap of at least 125 centimeters is observed between the combustion door and the nearest door. The combustion channel is located 40 centimeters from the wooden wall, but if there is a protective screen, the distance is made up to 25 centimeters.
4. In order to ensure fire safety, the walls of the metal unit must be lined with stone or brick. Finishing the firebox of a sauna stove is a necessary event. A steel sheet is placed under the furnace structure, which will prevent fire when coals hit the floor. A square measuring 40x40 centimeters is laid in front of the firebox door.

Arrangement of the foundation

Now on the Internet you can find many drawings, photos, schemes for building a foundation for lining a furnace in a brick bath. What is this structure?

The foundation is made in the form of a quadrangular well, the height of which is equal to the height of the furnace. To close the metal walls, they use solid, or masonry with windows, through which not only fuel is thrown, but ventilation around the heating surface is also enhanced.

According to experts, wooden floor beams can withstand up to 650-700 kg of load. Although in practice, it is not recommended to give a load more than 400 kg per 1 m². Therefore, it is advisable to also strengthen the existing frame with an iron structure made of a corner (50 mm), or with piles of a screw nature, provided that about 180-200 bricks weighing 3.5 kg each go to the screen.

Important! Laying a classic strip foundation takes a lot of time and effort, but on the other hand, the structure will be 100% stable and fireproof.

Foundation construction algorithm

1. Cut a square in the floor (if it is already mounted) of a certain size, dig a pit about 35-45 cm deep.
2. Fill the bottom with coarse gravel, lay waterproofing, install formwork.
3. Place pieces of reinforcement in the foundation frame, apply the required amount of mastic waterproofing, fill the structure with concrete about 15-20 cm above the ground.
4. Bring the "pillow" to the floor level with an ordinary brick, on which the stove and the lining will be placed.
5. Wait about 3 weeks for the concrete to shrink, then place thermal insulation, steel sheet (3-5 mm thick) under the oven.

Solution preparation

In order to qualitatively overlay an iron stove in a bath, it is best to use a classic clay-sand mortar. You can add a small amount (about a sixth) of cement grade 400 to it. This ingredient can only strengthen the whole structure, since the temperature of the future screen will not be high enough.

Important! Do not use cement-sand, tile and other types of mortars. The optimal, proven option for centuries, is a clay solution.

Since little clay is required, it is best to buy it at a building materials store. For villagers, such a problem as the acquisition of clay should not exist.

To prepare the solution, it is necessary to take sifted sand and mix it with clay in equal proportions. Add water gradually to form a thick mixture that can easily slip off the trowel.

What other materials are used for lining the oven in the bath

It turns out that not only bricks can be used to cover sauna stoves. Granite or marble slabs are excellent substitutes. They also tolerate temperature changes well, have a large mass and high thermal conductivity. In addition, such a finish will give the bath room an unusually beautiful and unique look. Not everyone can afford such a luxury, from a financial point of view.But if you have any remains, then you can use them to build an oven partition.

True, the installation of such slabs is a little more difficult in comparison with brickwork. To ensure a beautiful appearance of the lined stove, it is necessary that the work is performed by a specialist. At the very least, the owner needs to at least consult with such a person.

Also, minerite slabs are used to equip the heat shield. With their help, the wall is mounted much easier and faster, even in comparison with masonry, and is able to withstand temperatures of 360-400⁰С. But the heat capacity of this material is low, so it can be used as a good partition that cannot accumulate heat.

Other safety requirements

Ceiling protection is also the main criterion when building a bath. The area above the stove should be three times its size. This area is sheathed with a special material. A sheet of metal is mounted on top. This will be safe and provide extra warmth.

Position the stove so that it will not get burned in future use. The surface can gain a high temperature, you need to be as careful as possible.

There should be nothing slippery in front of the heater. Before installation, ask the professionals for recommendations, but it is better to let them install the oven for you.

So that a metal stove installed on a wooden floor in a bathhouse does not give you any trouble, you should also take additional precautions:

1. Do not leave the sauna stove unattended during heating.
2. Always close the fire door tightly with the latch and check this moment if you are going to leave the bath room.
3. Use dry wood for the firebox, do not burn garbage, sawdust, wood dust in the furnace of the sauna stove.
4. Make it a rule to heat a metal stove in a jar with small tabs of firewood.

Baths and saunas must be equipped with fire extinguishers marked A (for hard surfaces). Water-based, air-foam, air-emulsion and powder devices are suitable.

The bath room may be equipped with automatic or manual fire extinguishing systems. In saunas, drencher or sprinkler sprinklers are justified. Smoke detectors or devices can be installed in the dressing room or dressing room.

For the purpose of personal safety, it is necessary:

1. Do not cover the stove with various objects.
2. Control the steam temperature and air circulation;
3. Do not be in the bath with high blood pressure or drinking alcohol.
4. Use special aromatic oils intended for baths.
5. Do not put clothes on the oven to dry.

The air temperature in the steam room is set individually.

When installing any sauna stove, it is necessary to strictly observe the fire safety requirements, since the walls of the device during its operation are heated to sufficiently high temperatures. In order to ensure maximum safety and not have problems with regulatory organizations, it is recommended to install the furnace, guided by the provisions prescribed in SNiP 41-01-2003 (chapter 6.6).

• The first thing to do is to equip a reliable foundation for the main structure of the furnace, which will adjoin the wall dividing the room. The foundation must be covered with a heat-resistant material and then a sheet of metal. Asbestos sheets were previously used as heat-resistant insulation. Today on sale you can find pressed mineral wool panels, which are less hazardous from an environmental point of view, sheets of foam glass or EZHKAKH (heat-resistant structural mica).
• It is also necessary to provide a metal decking in front of the fire door, which will prevent the wood floor from burning and simplify garbage collection. The size of the pre-furnace plate must be at least 400 × 800 mm.
• If the partition between the steam room and the dressing room is wooden, then the opening through which the fuel channel will pass must be separated from the wood with brick or masonry. The distance between the stove and wooden walls should be 400 ÷ 450 mm.

In the shown version, the owner chose to lay the opening with a brick

• Provided that on the end part of the wall of the opening through which the combustion channel will pass, gaskets made of heat-insulating material (mineral basalt wool or cement fiber sheet) with a thickness of 40 ÷ 50 mm, the distance between the part of the wall erected from combustible material and the outer wall ovens can be cut up to 250 mm. If a thicker thermal insulation material is installed, the safety distance can be 125 mm.
• The distance between the ceiling of the bath and the surface of the stove should not be less than 1200 mm.
• The distance from the edge of the combustion door to the nearest door must be at least 1250 mm.
• If a non-factory-made stove was purchased, or the device is independently made of sheet metal, then it is best to cover it with a brick. Thus, it is possible to protect the structure of the bath from fire, and people taking water procedures - from burns. Factory products, as a rule, are made with double walls, between which thermal insulation material is laid or convection channels pass.

Foam glass prices

foam glass

Some helpful tips

In order for the brick lining to be correct and to serve for more than one year, you should use the following recommendations:

• laying is done in the usual way with dressing in half a brick;
• you cannot associate the structure with bath walls;
• maintain a seam with a thickness of 5 mm;
• leave a gap of 3-5 cm between the metal walls of the stove and the screen;
• in the lower rows, it is imperative to make openings through which cold air would freely enter. Accordingly, in the upper ones there are the same holes for the hot outlet. Both from below and to overthrow there should be no more than 2 3 openings, otherwise the wall, like a heat shield, will not perform its direct function;
• after laying each row, it is necessary to check its level: verticality and horizontalness should be observed everywhere;
• carefully remove the remains of the solution both from the inside and from the outside.

Important! If there is a convection casing in the stove, it must be removed before covering.

DIY installation

To independently install a brick oven for a bath with a firebox from the dressing room, you should perform the following preparatory work:

• it is better to think over the place for mounting the furnace at the stage of building the premises;
• before starting work, the foundation for the furnace is equipped. For this, a foundation pit is pulled out. Its bottom is covered with crushed stone, then sand and covered with waterproofing material. The foundation is strengthened with pieces of reinforcement and poured with concrete;
• a platform for the oven is laid with bricks;

• in the area of ​​the firebox door, a metal sheet is attached to the floor;
• the structure of the furnace, passing through the opening in the wooden wall, is lined with brickwork;
• before laying the oven, the bricks are immersed in water so that the pores of the material are filled with moisture;
• insulating material is laid between the furnace metal and the brick.

After the preparatory work, you should proceed directly to the construction of the furnace:

• The first stage is laying out the oven itself with bricks. Brick, which is used to lay the walls of the house, will not work. For a sauna stove, you need one that has increased heat resistance. It must be in perfect shape, without cracks and chips.
• First, each row is laid out without using a solution. This is done in order to find the ideal bricks in shape and size. The laying of any of the rows begins with a corner brick.
• The first row is laid out from the corners around the perimeter. First, the mortar is applied, then a number of pre-selected bricks are laid.Before laying, each brick is dipped in water for 20 seconds. The seam thickness should be no more than 5 mm.

• The second row is laid out with an offset. The seams in the second row should be in the middle of the first. The following rows are laid out similarly.
• A blower door is installed at the level of the fourth row. It must be fixed with galvanized wire. On the side of the steam room, the stove is lined with a stone screen to protect it from burns.
• The second stage is to install the combustion door. It is fixed with galvanized wire twisted several times.
• Next, a stone chamber is being built. The size is calculated based on the number of stones. Finally, it is finished with steel sheets.
• After the furnace of the required height has been erected, a steel sheet is placed on top, on which a hole has been previously cut.

Methods of wrapping

Basically, stone cladding is used to act as a heat shield for a stove. Due to the fact that such a structure does not lend itself to the main thermal effect, it can be constructed in the form of:

1. Solid cladding, which is characterized by rapid heat dissipation, which causes a decrease in the productivity of the furnace. In this version, the cladding is rarely performed, and most often to give the metal stove decorative elements. At the same time, the quality of heating is in the background.
2. A heat shield that will look like a small stone fence. This option is quite comfortable for others and helps to increase heat transfer.
3. Convector facing with air vents. This structure is the most optimal for bathing needs and is suitable for any metal structure, regardless of the size of the steam room.

Covering process

The brick laying technique to create the heat shield is almost the same as building the brick kiln itself.

Important! The main thing is to perfectly align the first row.

After that, you should start laying the corners, while not forgetting to tie up the rows of bricks.

There is no need to rush, as it is recommended to do the styling for 2 days. This is due to the fact that on the first day it is necessary to level the base and lay only 5 rows. And on the next, after checking the shrinkage in advance, lay out the remaining 8 rows.

Important! For better adhesion of the mortar to the brick, it is necessary to immerse each pebble in salt water for 12-15 minutes.

Do not forget about the control over the horizontal and vertical lines in the laid rows.

It would be nice to use steel wire or mesh as a bandage for corner bricks. You can also reinforce a whole row with reinforcement or fiberglass. In the latter version, a mounting belt can be made on the surface of the row for the purpose of embedding 4 mm plastic. To reinforce fireclay bricks, it is best to use iron materials.

The cover is best done in the form of a well with 2 rows of windows: at the top and in the middle of the structure. The ideal option is to use half a brick placed at an angle to the wall as a lintel. Thanks to this design, the air in the gap begins to move better, which leads to a decrease in the temperature inside the well, excluding, at the same time, excess heating of the air inside the steam room.

Quite popular are designs with a finish inside the well using a bath stone. This option prevents water splashes from stones from entering the gap between the screen and the oven. And this is good, since heated chamotte and, moreover, red brick is easily destroyed by hot water.

The metal sauna stove is lined not just for beauty. As evidenced by numerous reviews, thanks to such an event, the atmosphere in the steam room is significantly improved.And this despite the fact that every owner of the bath can do the brick lining with his own hands, if there is no opportunity to build a brick oven. Therefore, the work will be carried out with minimal financial costs, with high quality, as a result of which the bath will have not only an attractive appearance, but also an internal thermal environment that is beneficial to health. Good luck!

By darkdreamer Published 03/28/2018 Updated 04/11/2018

Surely, you have repeatedly wondered why the stove in the bath is lined with bricks. A person who is far from construction has no idea whether this solution is purely artistic or whether there is some practical meaning behind it. Today we will tell you not only why you need it at all, but also how you can do it yourself. Moreover, if you seriously decided to tackle this issue and scrupulously study the basic technologies for starting construction.

Creation of protective barriers

Fire-fighting cutting

To protect the wooden walls of the bathhouse, as well as the floors and cladding made of wood, "cutting" is made of fireproof material. This is ½ or ¼ brick masonry, which is made with high quality mortar and is not tied to the oven masonry. The installation of a sauna stove involves cutting in the following places:

• Chimney passage through ceilings (horizontal). The brick of this cut is tied up with the masonry of the stone chimney.
• Near a brick oven located in the wall between the rooms. The fire gap is filled. This is a vertical cut that fits over the entire height of the heat generator and its chimney.
• Around the combustion channel, if the stove is in a steam room, and its doors are in an adjacent room (vertical).

The double denotes the vertical cutting of the furnace assembled between the rooms

The space near the firebox is bricked up, a stainless steel screen is installed on the floor

The passage of the smoke channel can be carried out using ceramic products, metal, asbestos-cement and concrete panels. Here, pass-through pipes are used or boxes are assembled, which are then filled with non-combustible materials, for example, basalt wool. From below, the node for the passage of the metal pipe is hemmed with a sheet of stainless steel.

Heat shields

• To protect the wooden walls of the steam room from high temperatures, brick aprons are placed near them at the height of the stove. Another way is cladding with flat wild stone or, for example, ceramic tiles. Another popular solution is to mount sheet metal to walls (and ceiling). It is best to use stainless steel, which is not fixed directly to the wood, but through heat-resistant gaskets, or over a layer of basalt cardboard.

The screen is assembled from reflective piece material

• Sometimes a screen is created around the stove, then it will help not only protect the wood from blackening and even fire, but also reduce the risk of accidental burns on the hot body. The stone screen is assembled around the heat generator (they must leave a gap of about 3-7 cm) with solid masonry, or with a breakdown, so that there are openings for the circulation of hot air. The thickness is usually ½ a brick, but some craftsmen assemble it on the edge - ¼ of a brick. The same function is performed by metal screens, which, when the stove is installed in a bath, are attached at some distance from the body.
• A type of heat shield can be considered a metal sheet, which is laid on the floor in front of the oven. It prevents coals from accidentally falling out of the firebox from damaging the floors. The recommended sheet size is 700X500 mm, it is installed with its long side along the front wall of the furnace, a layer of heat insulator (best of all - basalt cardboard) should be laid between the metal and the wooden flooring.

The heat shield around the stove is made of bricks, and on the wall - of porcelain stoneware tiles

A neat and skilled homeowner can, of course, independently mount a ready-made sauna stove. However, do not forget that if the consumer made mistakes and the heat generator is out of order, then this will definitely not be a warranty case. Obviously, if the seller offers a sauna stove with installation, then it is better to use this option.

Why is this done?

And really, what for? It seems that the metal oven, which is used in the overwhelming majority of cases, looks more than reliable and absolutely does not need any improvement. Moreover, even a beginner can make such a stove with his own hands. However, this is a typical superficial opinion, which is completely devoid of any sober knowledge of the actual state of affairs. In fact, there are several reasons why the iron stove in the bath is also finished with bricks.

• in a heated state, iron can negatively affect human health through radiation;
• iron does not stay hot for long - and it takes a lot of time and resources to maintain the desired temperature in the room;
• There is always a risk of overheating and loss of performance of the oven, therefore the metal part of the oven needs insulation.

But if you use a brick, you can get quite significant advantages:

• the steam becomes more humid and pleasant;
• heat spreads through the steam room more evenly;
• the appearance of the stove becomes attractive, and with an original finish, you can even achieve that this element of the bath will be a real design revelation.

What conclusion should be drawn from this? If the stove is not brought back to normal in a timely manner, then instead of the expected pleasure from the steam room, you can get dry and indistinct steam, as well as bad mood and disappointment. But with a brick, the heat is retained longer, and the use of a bath widely pushes the boundaries of comfort.

Sauna stove chimney

To remove combustion products from metal sauna stoves, the chimney can be made of brick, metal or ceramics, and there are three types according to the location:

• Top-mounted chimneys are erected on top of the heater and are its continuation. It is this type of construction that is most often chosen for installation above a metal furnace, and sandwich pipes have been most often used for it.

Root chimney - there are no restrictions, but nevertheless, it is rarely found in baths.

chimneys

• Indigenous chimneys are a free-standing brick structure to which a sauna stove can also be connected. To build this type of chimney, it is necessary to equip a separate foundation for it. If the bathhouse is planned to be located in the area of ​​the house where the stove or fireplace will be erected, or in the adjoining annex, then sometimes one common root chimney can be arranged for them. But this case is clearly atypical.
• Wall chimneys are a type of chimney that is installed in the brick wall of a house. If the bathhouse is built of bricks, then you can use this design. However, it has one significant drawback, since the pipe actually runs completely along the street, there is a risk of condensation in it, which can negatively affect the performance of the furnace. Therefore, wall chimneys require high-quality insulation. As an option, it is also rarely considered.

Chimneys for a sauna stove can be made of different materials - it can be brick, ceramics, metal or insulated sandwich pipes.

• Brick chimneys can be used to remove combustion products from metal sauna stoves only in rare cases. Indigenous chimneys are quite laborious in construction, it makes sense to erect them if you need to remove smoke from two or more stoves.
• The ceramic chimney is not popular with the owners of baths with metal stoves, since they have a rather large weight, which complicates installation, as well as high cost. However, ceramics have excellent characteristics and will last for a long time. The material is resistant to corrosive processes and high temperatures, has low thermal conductivity, which means it will not overheat. In addition, the inner surfaces of the ceramic pipes are perfectly smooth, so the smoke will flow out unhindered, so that thick soot deposits will not form on the walls.
• Metal chimneys are affordable and easy to install, but they quickly heat up to high temperatures, which can cause wood structures to catch fire. In addition, hot air, getting into the cold part of the pipes located on the street, will provoke the process of abundant condensation. Therefore, it is imperative to put a metal pipe in thermal insulation both outside and inside the building.
• An excellent alternative to the metal version of the chimney is sandwich pipes, which have a three-layer structure - a metal inner and outer layer, and between them a mineral wool gasket, which serves as a good heat insulator. Sandwich pipes are easy to install, the manufacturers of these products have provided a wide range of parts necessary for high-quality installation. Thanks to this, they are easily assembled into a single structure. Therefore, this option is most often chosen for the chimney of metal bath stoves.

The sandwich chimney can be located inside the premises and pass through the ceilings and the roof, or immediately out through the wall.
As shown in the illustration above, the chimney can be installed indoors or almost immediately out to an external wall.

• The first option, with a passage through the attic floor and the roof, is good because the heat emanating from the pipe remains in the bathhouse. In addition, a strictly vertically installed pipe provides a good draft for the furnace.

The obvious disadvantages of the internal location of the pipe include the complexity of installation work, since careful insulation of penetrations through the ceiling and roof is required. If the joint seams of individual parts of the sandwich pipe are damaged, combustion products will enter the steam room, which cannot be immediately noticed, and this is dangerous for the lives of people in the room.

• External chimneys are led out into the street through the wall, and then rise to a set height along its outer surface. Therefore, it is easier to mount them both in a bath under construction and in an already erected one. Higher level of operational safety, more affordable service.

The disadvantages of this arrangement include the need for additional insulation, careful sealing of the pipe passage through the wall. However, if correctly selected sandwich pipes are used for the construction of the chimney, then additional insulation is not required.

sandwich pipes

* * * * * * *

So, the installation of a sauna stove with a remote firebox must be carefully calculated, and the parameters prescribed in the SNiP are observed without any simplification. It must be remembered that the safe operation of not only the furnace, but also the entire structure of the bathhouse, especially if it is built of wood, depends on the correct installation and insulation of metal structural elements from combustible surfaces.

At the end of the publication - a video in which we will show an example of the installation of a sauna stove with the output of the firebox to the dressing room.

Which brick to choose?

Most often, 2 types of bricks are used:

On the one hand, chamotte is more attractive: solid heat resistance, strength and relatively longer heat retention allow us to hope for perfect efficiency. However, it has one significant drawback - its cost. Whatever one may say, but it is quite high.Therefore, most often the stove in the bathhouse is decorated with ceramic red bricks. It does not retain heat as well as chamotte, but it has similar characteristics in terms of refractoriness and density.

findings

We list the basic rules that must be followed when installing the stove in a bath:

1. The first and most important rule: strict adherence to fire safety rules. It's no secret that it is the ovens that cause the fire. Very often, a fire occurs at the place where the chimney passes through the ceiling.
2. If an electric stove is planned to be installed in the bath, then in addition to fire safety, it is necessary to take care of electrical safety. Electric ovens consume a lot of electricity, i.e. electrical wiring must be calculated taking into account the total capacity of the oven and other electrical appliances. If you plan to do the wiring yourself, then read the materials of the article "Wiring in the bath with your own hands."
3. If you bought a "Heat" type stove for a bath, it is highly advisable to overlay the stove with a brick. These furnaces are made of a pipe and during operation they emit strong heat radiation, which is very easy to eliminate with brickwork.
4. If the steam room is small and it is not possible to build a brick screen, then you can choose a stove. These furnaces are equipped with a casing that acts as a screen, i.e. in principle, you do not need to brick the oven. However, in this case, it is imperative to make a fence around the furnace, otherwise there is a high probability of getting burned in contact with the metal body of the furnace.

Guide to action

The process itself does not cause any particular difficulties and is quite within the power of even people who do not have building skills. However, if you force it and break the sequence of technological stages, then you can get a result that is far from the expected one. Therefore, we offer you step-by-step instructions so that, in full accordance with its points, you can qualitatively overlay an iron stove in any bath with a suitable brick and be satisfied with the result.

Foundation decoration

Usually this stage is performed already when the oven is being made directly. However, if for some reason you lost sight of the need to build it, then nothing terrible happened. True, for this you will first need to dismantle the furnace.

1. decide on what size the base will have;
2. build a wooden formwork - it is best to use plywood boards for this;
3. cover the boards with roofing material - this way you protect them from moisture and subsequent rotting;
4. pour fine gravel and sand into the pit, and then fill it with cement mortar;
5. it is best to cover the base with a reinforcing mesh and allow time to dry - usually no more than 3 weeks.

Fire safety rules

If you plan to use an iron stove in a steam room, for fire safety, you must strictly follow the installation rules

:

• The firebox doors should open towards the door, and the heater door, on the contrary, towards the corner of the room.
• The passage through the ceiling should be a structure with an insulating layer and a metal screen on the ceiling. Its format should be 1/3 larger than the projection of the stove body.
• If an electric oven is chosen, the correct installation provides for the installation of grounding, as well as the coordination of the implemented project with the fire inspectorate.
• The bathhouse is equipped with fire extinguishing means. They should be at hand and in good working order.
• Regardless of which scheme for installing the stove is chosen, it is required to comply with the standards regarding the distance from the stove to structures.

Facing the firebox with bricks in a bath is a good fire protection

Distance from the stove to the walls of the bath

It is important to know how to properly install the stove in the bath in relation to walls and other structures. Remember:

• there must be a gap of at least 0.5 m between the metal or brick lining of the furnace and the wall (a similar distance is observed with respect to any other flammable structures);
• walls and structures made of combustible materials located in the immediate vicinity of the stove must be covered with a screen made of fire-resistant materials.

Related article: What to do from the start

Oven Installation Diagram - Recommended Distances

Installing the oven unit on a wooden floor

If the choice fell on a small metal stove (the weight together with stones, brick casing, fuel and a water tank does not exceed 700 kg), it can be installed without arranging a foundation, directly on a wooden floor. Since it is recommended to choose the furnace unit at the design stage of the bath, in the place where it will be mounted, it is necessary to provide for laying the lag with a smaller step - this will increase the strength of the base.

Installation of a metal stove in a bathhouse directly on the floor, according to SNiP, requires the installation of a screen that will protect the wood from ignition

... The weight of the screen is also taken into account when calculating the total floor load.

Metal stove on a wooden floor in a bath
Screen arrangement:

1. On the floor, at the place of installation, a rectangle is drawn corresponding to the dimensions of the furnace. To it is added 50 cm from the side of the furnace door, 10 cm from the other three sides. If the stove is mounted with a furnace door outside the room, a place for the portal is marked on the wall, with the expectation that 25-50 cm should be left around the stove body. sides around the perimeter.
2. If necessary, part of the partition or wall is dismantled, in accordance with the markings.
3. A rectangle is cut out of the refractory heat-resistant slab to the size of the figure drawn on the floor (with the added centimeters). The prepared element is attached to the floor with self-tapping screws.
4. Fireclay or solid red bricks are soaked in water, after which a platform is mounted from them in one layer on top of the fixed slab. It is important to use a heat-resistant mortar for laying stoves and check the levelness of the platform.
5. For an aesthetic appearance, you can lay ceramic or porcelain stoneware tiles on top of the brick. The base in front of the furnace door in the room is covered with a steel sheet, and if the firebox goes outside, the corresponding section is concreted.
6. After 24–48 hours after setting up the base, you can put the stove on.

Wall decoration near the stove

Baths are built from different materials, but most often wood is used for the construction of wall structures. The building can be frame or be a log house made of logs or beams.

Walls near the stove can be finished with tiles or natural stone

When arranging the screen on the walls, basalt cardboard or a heat-resistant plate, which is attached to self-tapping screws, is used as thermal insulation. The protective layer can be laid out of solid red or fireclay bricks (masonry in half a brick). The use of ceramic or porcelain stoneware tiles is also practiced. The cladding will not only protect the walls from overheating, but also add attractiveness to the interior of the steam room.

The easiest way to protect the wall is to mount a steel sheet with a thickness of at least 3 mm over a thermal insulator.

A Few Practical Tips for Choosing a Remote Fireplace Metal Furnace Project

You should briefly dwell on this issue, knowing some of the details will allow you to avoid troubles during its operation.

Heat exchanger-register for the furnace, internal

Heat exchanger tank per pipe

Very important! Not all stones are suitable for the heater, some may emit carbon monoxide when heated.There are quite a few such stones, but there is one universal advice - never take stones with streaks or splashes of white!

Video - How to make a metal stove for a bath with a remote firebox with your own hands

The process of self-installation of a wood-burning stove in a bath

A stove with a remote firebox can be brick, metal factory or metal homemade. We will focus on the cheapest and fastest option - a stove with a remote firebox will be made of metal and lined with bricks.

Why did we choose this option?

1. At cost, our option is several orders of magnitude cheaper than all the others.
2. Does not require a large amount of construction work.
3. According to its performance indicators, it satisfies even the most demanding users.

Installing the stove in the bath

Furnace Termofor with external firebox - design

It is not necessary to brick the factory metal stove, it has reliable protection against getting burns, this simplifies the work, but worsens the comfort of being in the bath. The fact is that the stove cools down very quickly, you need to constantly add firewood. The firewood burned up in full force - it is too hot in the steam room, the fire began to die out - it becomes cool.

Stove with external insert

Brick lined oven

Another important point. On many sites, it is recommended to use fireclay bricks during furnace work. It is right. But only on one condition - only "heavy" fireclay is used. The fact is that there is also "light" fireclay. It also withstands significant temperatures, but has one feature - it does not let heat through.

Fireclay brick shape

Characteristics of the most popular types of fireclay bricks

Can you imagine how the stove will be heated in a bath made of "light" fireclay? This type of bricks can be used during the construction of chimneys - no additional thermal insulation is required. It is very simple to distinguish between two types of fireclay bricks: the first is heavier than ordinary red in weight, the second is much easier.

Varieties of fireclay bricks

In our version, you can get by with an ordinary red brick, it is much cheaper and in all operational and fire-fighting characteristics it fully complies with the existing state regulations.

A few more "introductory" data. The portable firebox can be both outside the bathhouse and in the dressing room (rest room). For a personal bath, the second option is preferable: the rest room is heated at the same time and there is an opportunity to throw firewood on your own at any time. It is recommended to make a firebox on the street in cases where strangers often wash in the bath and it is not always possible to enter the recreation room.

The firebox is brought out to the street

Remote firebox to the recreation room

You should briefly dwell on this issue, knowing some of the details will allow you to avoid troubles during its operation.

TipPhotoDescription

Very important! Not all stones are suitable for the heater, some may emit carbon monoxide when heated. There are quite a few such stones, but there is one universal advice - never take stones with streaks or splashes of white!

Furnace installation diagram

A wood-fired type of metal stove is the best option for self-installation. The work is done as follows:

1. Primary firing on the street for removal of production coating and testing for integrity.
2. Preparing the hole for the pipe. When it is withdrawn through the ceiling, a non-combustible protective ring is applied to the site.
3. Installation of thermal insulation materials and protective screens on the walls. If a stove in a sauna or bath is equipped with a heating chamber from the steam room or dressing room, you will need a protective portal.
4. The metal unit is mounted in a prepared place.
5. Execution of a brick casing.
6. Installation of a chimney and other elements.
7. Test furnace - the quality of heating and the level of smoke production are checked.

Installation of the stove on a wooden floor is possible with a structure weight of up to 700 kg

If the iron unit weighs up to 700 kg and needs to be installed on strong logs, the foundation is not equipped. The organization of a heat-resistant podium is allowed:

• a sheet of metal is placed on a sheet of basalt cardboard;
• brick, natural or artificial stone is laid on the floor;
• the pedestal is decorated with ceramic or porcelain stoneware tiles.

We offer you to familiarize yourself with: The best models of electric stoves for baths and saunas

To prevent ignition from sparks or coals, the area in front of the firebox is finished with a metal sheet with sides of 40 cm.

A massive sauna stove is placed on the foundation:

• For plastic soils with high GWL - screw. A pile is screwed in at the corners of the furnace to the depth of the main foundation, to which channels and heads are attached. A sheet of metal is welded on top, concrete dough is poured onto it;
• For hard soils - shallow. The monolithic base is poured 30-40 cm.

The factory heater is installed according to the manufacturer's instructions. If it is planned to install a powerful sauna stove after the construction of the building, the distance from the product with a remote firebox to the wall is observed. Models in a heat-resistant housing can be removed by 25 cm, without it by 40 cm.

The wall surface is covered with thermal insulation, then with a steel sheet. A gap of 50 cm is required between the unit and the wooden wall. The area next to the furnace is lined with refractory materials.

The fuel niche is lined with bricks with a thermal gap for metal expansion of 2-2.5 cm. An asbestos cord should be placed in the gap. Brickwork is allowed around the building.

Electric ovens in the bath must be powered by 220 V

In private construction, to equip saunas and baths, electric cookers powered from a 220 V network are used.When installing them, the following rules should be observed:

1. Select the type and cross-section of the cable according to the power of the stove. For modifications for 3; 4.5 and 6 kW, a 1.5 mm2 conductor is suitable.
2. Lay the floor under the electric heater with ceramic tiles.
3. Leave a gap of at least 7 cm from the stove fence to shelves and flammable objects.
4. Place the washed stones only on top of the heating element.
5. If you have a stove, use lamps designed for a temperature limit of up to 140 degrees.
6. Place the ventilation opening behind the heater at a height of 5-10 cm from the floor.
7. Serve the water as carefully as possible, do not pour the stones with sea water.

Sauna stoves with a remote fuel channel can be made of cast iron or steel.The design of this device differs from a conventional stove for heating a bath precisely in the presence of a remote firebox, which can be removable - in heavy cast-iron versions of products, or it can be an integral structure - in steel models. Thanks to this configuration of the furnace, the door of the combustion chamber is taken out into the room adjacent to the steam room or even outside.

Carrying out the furnace firebox to the dressing room provides many advantages during operation:

• When the stove is fired, two rooms are heated at once - a steam room and a dressing room.
• It becomes possible to add firewood, constantly maintaining the combustion process, while the steam room is in operation.
• Since there will be no need to open and close the door of the firebox from the side of the steam room, the stove can be protected with a safety barrier (brick screen), which will eliminate the risk of burn injuries while taking water procedures.
• The steam room will not get garbage, which is often brought into the room with firewood.
• It becomes possible to place a niche next to the firebox for drying firewood, which, of course, will not work in the steam room.
• Keeping clean air in the steam room is ensured, since when the door is opened to add firewood, a small amount of gaseous products of firewood combustion can penetrate into the room.
• The absence of a firebox door in the steam room will significantly save the free space of the room, and, as a rule, not too voluminous. Therefore, it becomes possible to install the heater in a convenient place on the wall dividing the room.

However, it should be borne in mind that modern factory-made devices are equipped with a glass cooling system installed in the fire door. Therefore, the dressing room will not warm up properly. And in order for the heat to enter the dressing room more intensively, you will have to open the door of the combustion chamber - this factor must also be taken into account when choosing a place for installing the stove.

Prices for the stove in the bath

sauna stove

As an example - the design of the furnace "Termofor Kalina Inox BSE anthracite NV PRA"

The remote fuel channel can be rectangular, or it can have a narrowed shape near the firebox. Panoramic heat-resistant glass installed in the door not only allows you to control the combustion process, but also gives the structure an aesthetic appearance of the fireplace. If the dressing room is used as a rest room, then chairs can be installed in front of this "fireplace", and while resting after visiting the steam room, you can admire the play of flame.

Furnace installation

You have already decided where the firebox will go. This does not have a particular effect on the technology of construction work, but it does affect the comfort of using the bath.

Step 1. Mark the firebox outlet. Cut a hole for the firebox. The hole should be 20-30 centimeters more along the perimeter than the firebox.

Opening scheme for a furnace with a remote firebox

Step 2. Solve the chimney issue. We recommend that you do not take it out on the roof for several reasons. First, there is no need to do quite complex and time-consuming work to ensure fire safety on the ceiling and roof. Secondly, any additional "holes" in the roof significantly increase the likelihood of leaks in these places. Thirdly, it is much more expensive and more complicated, it requires the use of various additional elements for roofing, depending on the specific material. We recommend bringing the chimney through the wall - quickly, cheaply and reliably.

Options for connecting a chimney to a sauna stove

Exterior view with mounted chimney

Step 3. Make holes in the wall or ceiling and roof (depending on the way the gases are discharged). And in this case, the holes should be oversized.

Chimney duct size

Holes in the roof and in the ceiling are cut for the installation of the chimney pipe

Chimney ceiling cut-out dimensions

Step 4. Temporarily install the stove in its place, check the position of the remote firebox and chimneys. If necessary, correct the position of the holes, make precise markings. Collect all the elements of the stove and chimney. Assemble the gas exhaust pipes, adjust their dimensions, determine the methods of fixation and thermal insulation. We will talk about installing pipes a little later. This is a very important and rather complex topic.

Sauna stove installation diagram

"Fitting" work has been completed successfully - you can proceed to the capital installation of the furnace with a remote firebox.

Foundation for a metal furnace

Immediately before installing the sauna stove, you need to build a foundation, which must be strong and safe. To do this, the screed must be built in compliance with all the requirements and standards for the base for the sauna stove. It is not necessary to build a separate foundation if the furnace structure has a mass of no more than 700 kg. Usually, such indicators have stainless steel structures. In other cases, the base is made of cement screed 20 cm high or laid heat-resistant porcelain stoneware covering.

In the case of installing a cast-iron structure in combination with the use of a massive brick screen and a chimney, the load on the floor increases significantly. This alone is a good reason to build a separate base for the stove. It must be built in such a way as to avoid direct contact with the wall foundation. It is also necessary to maintain optimal dimensions, which should exceed the dimensions of the oven by 20 cm on each side.

In the case of installing furnaces with a remote channel on a brick foundation, it is necessary measure the distance to the ceiling... If the requirement determined by the fire safety regulations is not met, this method of installing the stove cannot be used.

Foundation stages

1. The process of making the foundation for the furnace begins with the dismantling of the existing wooden base.
2. It is necessary to make a foundation pit, which should exceed the boundaries of the contour of the future heating device by 15-20 cm on each side. The depth of the pit should be 50 cm.
3. The bottom of the pit must be filled with crushed stone and sand with a layer of 25 cm. After that, everything is carefully tamped.
4. The next step is laying a double layer of waterproofing. Roofing material is used as a material.
5. They begin to construct the formwork from the boards. In principle, there is no need to reinforce the foundation, however, if you are installing a heavy sauna stove with a chimney, then you should still provide for a reinforcing mesh from the reinforcement.
6. In the manufacture of the mortar, the following proportions are observed: for 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand are taken. After that, the concrete is poured into the formwork and leveled using a horizontal level.
7. Now a layer of roofing material is laid on top of the concrete base, and a brick is laid on it in one or two rows.
8. The actual work on laying the stove is carried out only after the foundation and the masonry are completely dry.
9. If a heater weighing less than 700 kg is installed, you can dispense with the concrete screed and install a covering made of solid boards. In order to protect against fire, the prepared material must first be treated with a special liquid.

Installation and construction works

Some useful knowledge to simplify fire safety work. The ignition temperature of the phosphoric head of the match is + 200 ° C, the temperature of spontaneous combustion of wood, depending on its moisture content, ranges from 350 ° C to 450 ° C. Why do we remind this? There is always high humidity in the bath, do not be too afraid of overheating of the walls and spontaneous combustion of a log house or floorboards. But do not neglect the elementary rules of fire safety, all work must be done wisely. They need to be done slowly and very carefully.

Let's start with a remote firebox. It is better to fill the gap between the firebox and the wall with red brick.Brick on both sides can be plastered or sheathed with sheet metal. If there is a remote firebox in the bathhouse, nail a sheet of galvanized (or any other) iron about 40 × 40 cm in size to the floor. If you wish, you can put asbestos under it, but we do not recommend doing this. First, asbestos releases carcinogenic substances and is banned for use in all developed countries. Secondly, even without asbestos (or other insulating material), the probability of a floor fire under the iron sheet is zero.

Design features with a remote fuel channel

Most often, heaters with a remote firebox are made of steel or cast iron. Moreover, they have a slightly different device than the classic stove. The new element here is the outrigger channel, which made of stainless steel... Depending on the size of the furnace, it is welded to the body or made in a removable version.

Thanks to this additional element, the firebox door can be installed in an adjacent room or directly on the street. As a result, it becomes possible to heat two rooms at once, without thinking about where to store firewood in the steam room, and also to protect the room where people are from the penetration of smoke.

Most often, the remote channel has the shape of a rectangle or pyramid, and at the point of attachment of the door it has a wider neck, in contrast to the firebox. Stoves have many more advantages with panoramic glass on the door - this element not only decorates them, but also makes it possible to monitor the amount of fuel without opening. Due to the presence of combustion channels and glass blowing, the problem of soot settling inside the stove is solved.

The structure itself is built on a special foundation next to the partition, necessarily arranging an intermediate layer in the form of thermal insulation. It can be stacked to either side of the door. The final choice depends on the size and shape of the room. A heater with a furnace door saves space in the steam room, since it can be installed in any place suitable for this purpose.

Sometimes a remote firebox can be installed outside. Although this is not so convenient, since the owner will have to leave the bath in order to throw another portion of fuel into the firebox. A similar option for installing a firebox is primarily in demand in commercial saunas, since in them a certain person is entrusted with monitor the work of the furnace... This method of installation can also be chosen by residents of the southern regions, where it becomes very hot in the summer months, and due to the presence of a remote firebox inside the bath, the temperature rises even more.

Also, a similar option is suitable for a coal-fired stove. This fuel generates too much heat and is also a source of dirt. Therefore, in order to keep the steam room clean, it is easier to go outside and throw up another portion of fuel. This should not cause serious inconvenience, because the duration of burning coal is much longer than that of firewood.