Gas nozzles for ovens with automation

Principle of operation

Water circuits are rarely connected to gas stoves. The room is heated directly - with heated air from the stove. The only difference with a solid fuel stove is that it uses natural gas, not firewood.

Advice. It is very easy to install a water circuit with a heat exchanger or a water tank in gas ovens; sometimes a system is connected that allows warm air masses to be removed to adjacent rooms.

There are options for gas stoves, combined with a solid fuel unit, or powered by electricity. There are universal burners that run on diesel fuel, if the need arises.

Important. All installation, as well as repair work related to gas fuel must be carried out exclusively by representatives of a specialized organization that has the appropriate permission.

Safety precautions when replacing an injector

Ensuring safe replacement is critical when performing gas related activities.

Therefore, do not neglect a number of rules:

• Disconnect the stove from gas and electricity before replacing the jets.
• Make sure the burners are cool.
• Before starting work, open the windows, turn off the devices that operate on electricity that can generate a spark.
• You cannot engage in self-modification of plate parts or replace them with non-native ones, inappropriate in size or made on your own.
• After installing parts, be sure to check all gas connections for possible leaks. For this, the connections are washed from all sides (using a brush or sponge) and, turning on the gas supply, observe whether bubbles are formed. If a leak is found, the connection is either tightened or disassembled and reassembled.

Do not use nozzles intended for a gas burner of completely different design stoves or other gas devices.

You should not replace the nozzles in the gas stove yourself if you are unsure of your capabilities.

What are gas ovens

With the help of gas stoves, households and country houses are heated, however, such devices have gained the greatest popularity during the construction of baths. Most often, for this case, factory-made units are bought, which have a metal case. At the same time, you need to choose the right model in terms of power and purpose, taking into account the operating conditions. Brick ovens are also being built.

According to the method of generating heat, furnaces can be divided into two types:

1. With a combustion chamber... Gas enters the heating chamber and heats its walls during combustion.
2. Heat exchanger oven... In the construction of these heating units, the gas enters a bent heat-resistant steel tube, which acts as a heat exchanger.

In the second case, the furnaces are additionally equipped with a forced air supply system and the removal of combustion products.

Gas ovens are distinguished by their heat capacity. This indicator depends on the ability of the unit to accumulate heat.

According to this parameter, the furnaces are divided into the following categories:

1. Continuous burning furnaces... They have thinner walls that cool down quickly enough. However, there is a significant plus - just as quickly they warm up the room., Giving off heat outside. To maintain a constant comfortable temperature in the room, the oven must be in the "on" mode. This is a typical summer cottage option. You can come and get warm right away.
2. Batch furnace... This is a massive heat-storage structure that is capable of giving off heat even after the gas is shut off.In order to retain heat, the channels and the combustion chamber are finished with clay bricks. It is very convenient to put such stoves in baths. They will warm up the stones in a short time and begin to give off heat for a long time. For heating households, this option is also more acceptable.

Important. Gas ovens can operate both from a natural gas pipeline and from a cylinder. Furnaces operating on biofuel are widespread. A biofuel fireplace like this is also very effective. For him, you need to improve the design a little.

Varieties of burners

This design for the furnace is a reliable equipment that is used for long-term operation, it is based on high-quality materials that have undergone careful multi-level control, which makes it possible to provide high-quality finished products.

The most popular brands in the domestic market are the installations for the stove and fireplace Mosklimat TERMO, Weishaupt, Giersch, Wester Line, Buderus.

Among other things, jets are used not only in heating boilers, but also in industrial dryers, ovens, fireplaces and other installations that are of industrial importance. All devices of this type can be divided into several groups: according to the principle of operation and the type of fuel used.

Whatever the device, factory or DIY, it will operate on gas or other suitable fuel. At present, atmospheric installations are most popular, they are mainly installed in apartments or at facilities with gas supply.

The second type of device with forced air supply (inflatable) is much more complicated in structure and works with the following types of fuel:

• diesel fuel;
• liquefied gas;
• natural gas.

Of course, the cost of such an installation is much higher, and it is usually installed where gasification of the facility is planned in the near future.

Choosing a burner

Stove gas burners that are installed in the stove of a household or a country house are similar to each other. Like a gas burner for a boiler, it has a combustion chamber (heat exchanger), a housing, a chimney system, channels for heated air and an automatic block.

However, there is one obligatory detail that has its own characteristics in each case - a gas burner for the stove. It is she who is responsible for the efficiency of the heating unit, power characteristics, economical fuel consumption, safe operation and other important parameters.

The gas burner mixes gas with oxygen, it contains a control unit for the combustion process. With it, you can set a certain mode, adjusted to the temperature level that is required for heating. Boilers and stoves often have the same burner models.

Single-stage atmospheric gas burners for a home stove are not difficult to use, they are easy to install in a heating block. They do not need power supply. Such a burner is placed on the front side, where the combustion door is located.

Important. To select a burner, you need to know its power, it lies in the ability of this model to process a certain amount of fuel in a given period of time.

Purpose and benefits

Gas burners have been additionally developed for the operation of stoves, fireplaces, etc. Like other devices, burners are engaged in mixing fuel - liquefied gas or natural gas - with air, which is why the temperature rises in this unit.
Quite often, such devices are mounted in rooms in which it is necessary to maintain a high temperature regime for a long time.Today, nothing will prevent you from installing such equipment in the house, thanks to which you can completely get rid of the usual way of kindling (fireplace, stove).

The burner has, among other things, a number of main advantages:

• Security. Since this system is explosive, strict, reliable requirements apply for its installation.
• With an automatic adaptation: at present, modern gas products are equipped with an auto-temperature mode, which gives an excellent opportunity not only to economically use resources, but also to protect the furnace from overheating or explosion.

• Profitability. It's no secret that today gas is much more profitable at a price than firewood, coal or electricity.

• Control. You do not need any special knowledge to operate the gas device of the stove, among other things, some modern models work using a remote control.

• Ergonomic. For storage of combustible materials, coal or firewood, a special room is required. Since during the operation of the burner, all the necessary fuel goes directly to the nozzle through the gas column.

What are burners

If a gas burner is considered from the point of view of a method of controlling thermal power, then all models can be divided into the following categories:

1. Single stage... In this case, the gas supply (shutdown) occurs automatically, at the signal of the rheostat.
2. Two-stage... The burner has a constructive ability to switch to economical mode. This process is automatically regulated.
3. Floating burners... The burner power can be changed smoothly, from 10 to 100 percent.

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Burners are classified according to the air supply method:

1. Atmospheric... In this version, no electricity is needed, the air flows to the burner under the natural action of draft. The efficiency is not very high, no more than 90 percent. It is a simple construction: a pipe with holes where fuel is supplied. It works in open combustion chambers. They can be quickly converted, if necessary, for liquid fuel, the service life of such burners is very long. However, such burners place high safety requirements on themselves.
2. Inflatable... They are also called blast or fan burners. This is a rather complex construction. Air is supplied to the burner by a fan, the combustion chamber in this case is closed. The efficiency is over 95 percent. Stoves with such burners do not need bulky chimneys. At the same time, the furnace operates stably even at low gas pressure. However, they generate a lot of noise and are volatile.
3. Diffuse kinetic... The air is partially injected into the combustion chamber, the rest is supplied directly to the flame.

Important. In capital devices with a high heat capacity, at high furnace power, the burner can overheat. It is recommended to install a model that is resistant to high temperature conditions.

Roasting ovens. Drum ovens. Annealing furnaces

Purpose of the rotary kiln

The purpose of this rotary kiln is to heat the feed material to a maximum temperature of 950 ° C. The design of the equipment is based on the following process conditions in a rotary kiln.

The material is heated in the following modes of heat transfer, listed in ascending order of their importance: 1. Heat of radiation. 2. Heat from direct contact with the inner surface of the drum.

The required amount of heat is determined taking into account the following requirements: 1. Heat to increase the temperature of the solid components. 2. Heat to heat the wet feed to the evaporating temperature. 3. Heat to evaporate wet feed. 4. Heat to increase the temperature of the air stream.

Description of the rotary kiln operation process

Wet cake (UO4.2H2O) is placed on the feed conveyor of the kiln. The loading side of the drum is equipped with screw plates and a feed pad that removes material at high speed from this side of the drum. Immediately after leaving the screw plates, the material flows under the action of gravity along the longitudinal axis of the drum. In the kiln section of the kiln, hydrated uranium peroxide (UO4.2H2O) is heated using electric heating elements in the kiln. The electric oven is divided into three temperature control zones for flexible temperature performance. In the first two zones, uranium peroxide (UO4.2H2O) is gradually heated to a temperature of about 680 ° C. In the third zone, the temperature rises to about 880 ° C, and the transformation of uranium peroxide (UO4.2H2O) into uranium oxide-oxide (U3O8) occurs.

The fully reacted yellow uranium cake (U3O8) is fed to the cooling section of the drum. Heat is removed from the solid components, due to high thermal conductivity, through the wall of the kiln drum and is removed with cooling water sprayed on the outside of the drum. The temperature of the material is reduced to approx. 60 ° C, then the material is fed into the discharge line, through which it enters the transport system by gravity. A strong air flow is fed through the discharge line to the rotary kiln and is directed through the drum against the material flow to remove the steam generated during the heating stage of the process. Moist air is vented from the loading line.

Drum Kiln Components

Rotary kiln drum

The welded sections of the drum have seams located alternately at angles of 90 ° and 180 ° to each other and obtained by welding with full penetration of the base metal. The bands and ring gears are mounted on machined surfaces separated from the drum by spacers to accommodate differences in radial thermal expansion. The design of the drum takes into account any thermal and mechanical stress and therefore ensures reliable operation. On the loading side of the drum, there are material retaining pads that block the return flow of material into the pipeline and screw plates for feeding material into the heated sections. The open sections of the drum on the loading and unloading sides are equipped with thermal protection screens for personnel.

Bandage The drum has two bands made of forged steel without welds or joints. Each band has a one-piece rectangular section and is hardened for long life.

Support wheels The kiln drum rotates on four support wheels made of forged steel. Support wheels are hardened for long service life. The wheels are fitted with an interference fit on a high-strength shaft mounted between two bearing assemblies with a service life of at least 60,000 hours. The wheel base is equipped with pressure screws for horizontal alignment and wheel alignment.

Thrust rollers The unit contains two thrust rollers, consisting of two steel wheels with sealed spherical roller bearings, with a service life of at least 60,000 hours. Thrust rollers are hardened to increase their service life.

Drive unit

The drum is designed for rotation with a frequency of 1-5 rpm with a power of 1.5 kW from an electric motor with a rotation frequency of 1425 rpm, operating from a three-phase alternating current network with a voltage of 380 V, a frequency of 50 Hz and made in a sealed version with air cooling. The motor shaft is directly connected to the input shaft of the main gearbox through a flexible coupling.

The cycloidal main gearbox has a precise reduction ratio of 71: 1 with one reduction stage. The low speed gear shaft is designed for the required torque and extreme loads.

Preventing deformation of the kiln drum

To prevent deformation of the furnace drum, during failures in the power supply system of the electric motor, an additional diesel engine is provided to continue the rotation of the drum. The diesel engine has a variable speed (1500-3000 rpm) and a rated output of 1.5 - 3.8 kW. The diesel engine is started manually or by a DC electric starter and is directly connected to the shaft of the electric motor through a clutch.

Drum kiln ">

Ring gear The ring gear is made of carbon steel. Each sprocket has 96 hardened teeth, drum mounted and connectors for easy disassembly.

Drive gear Made of carbon steel. Each gear has 14 hardened teeth and is mounted on a low speed gear shaft.

Drive Chain A tilted chain is used to rotate the kiln drum.

Kiln system

The furnace casing covers the drum and is made of carbon steel. The walls and floor of the enclosures are made as one complete section. The kiln roof consists of three sections, one for each heating zone, and can be removed for maintenance of the kiln or drum.

Chamber / heating elements characteristics:

Spray water cooler Spray water cooler - reduces the oven product temperature. The cooler body is made of carbon steel with internal surfaces coated with epoxy (to reduce corrosion). The body is equipped with two top-mounted piping with spray nozzles, inlet and outlet rotary labyrinth seals, an upper steam outlet, a lower drain nozzle, a side bypass nozzle, access doors and inspection holes. Water is piped to the spray nozzles and discharged by gravity through the bottom drain flange.

Kiln piping The feed piping is made of stainless steel. Package includes: mounting cover, inspection hole, swinging nozzle for gas release, door for exhausting reverse leaks through the drum and rotary seal assembly.

The discharge line is made of stainless steel.Includes Product Discharge Chute, Mounting Cover, Inspection Port, and Rotary Seal Assembly. The relief seal is a bellows-type temperature compensator.

Screw feeder

The kiln is equipped with a charging screw conveyor for feeding uranium peroxide cake into the drum; it is a screw located at a zero angle to the horizontal, which has undergone finishing.

Kiln thermocouples Thermocouples are provided to continuously monitor temperatures in the kiln zones and product discharge temperatures.

Zero-speed switches The kiln is supplied with two zero-speed switches, one of which continuously controls the rotation of the drum and the other the rotation of the charging screw. The switch assemblies in terms of rotation frequency are mounted at the ends of the shafts and are of the type of disk pulse generators that create an alternating magnetic field recorded by a measuring device.

Ignition type

All burners can be divided according to the type of ignition:

1. Electronic type... They do not have a constantly working igniter. It requires electricity to work. Electric ignition is one of the most convenient inventions for modern heating units. Thanks to him, the operation of the stoves has become as comfortable as possible. Electric ignition makes it possible to ignite the burner flame safely, without using any available wicks or lighters.
2. Piezo ignition burners... No electricity needed.

Sometimes special working conditions are required, for example, burners are placed in the sauna stove, which should distribute the flame well. These are splitters or conventional distribution tubes. This is how kitchen gas ovens work.

The consumption of fuel passing through the burner can vary widely and depend on its design.

Furnace gas nozzles must be safe and energy efficient. This can be achieved if all technical requirements are met. Self-activity in this matter can only harm. Therefore, the installation of gas burners must be carried out by specialists.

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1. From sections of cast iron batteries. How many sections, how to seal them, can they be put into the flame from the burners, what is the reliability?

2. Welded structure made of steel pipes or bent pipes. What is the diameter, how many meters, what is the shape, can it be put into the flame from the burners, what is the reliability (will the welds disperse in the flame)?

3. Copper heat exchanger from the old gas column to the flame from the burner or nearby (the column did not work for a day - Savdepovsky heat exchanger, zero) + copper pipe coil. How to seal the joints, how quickly will it burn out, how many meters of the pipe?

Variants of the type - "put the boiler on and don't worry" do not fit - actually calculated - my version is cheaper, and the places for the boiler are only instead of the stove (the latter will have to be removed, and this is additional costs and time.

The budget for the heat exchanger is 1000-1500 UAH.

People, I will be grateful for any advice and morality, otherwise my head will soon burst from uncertainty.

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The burner of a gas boiler converts the chemical energy of the fuel into thermal energy of water, which is supplied to the heating and hot water supply system of the house. Gas burners for heating furnaces are installed in special devices called boilers. The correct choice of a burner device will ensure not only a comfortable living environment in the house, but also its safety.

Self-made device

Sometimes many people ask the question: "Is it possible to make a gas burner at home with your own hands?" Improving heating equipment increases its efficiency.

Caring for solid fuel boilers, as well as uninterrupted control over the presence of coal or firewood in the furnace, sometimes pushes the owners of such installations to re-equip them. Sometimes there is such a possibility that a gas line can be connected to the object, but there is no desire to purchase new heating equipment, then more experienced and knowledgeable people in this system start re-equipping the device for heating liquid with their own hands.

Anyone who decides to update their boiler in this way should know that any hand-made products must undergo special tests in laboratory conditions, after which the following documents must be received on hand:

• Quality certificate. Issued to confirm that a self-made burner is of high quality and serviceable.
• A package of documents from Gosgortekhnadzor. They say that the handicraft product is documented in official sources.
• Do-it-yourself system check for its compliance with all quality characteristics, as well as operation.

In order to collect a complete package of documents, go through all the authorities and officially register everything, you need to spend a lot of time and effort.

Therefore, despite all the advantages of doing it yourself, it is best to purchase a factory-made gas burner for the boiler. But if, nevertheless, there is a great desire to register the completed product, then you can do it yourself at home.

Combustion process in the boiler

The chemical reaction inside the boiler is a combustion reaction between the oxygen (O2) in the air and the hydrocarbons (CHyOx) of the fuel, which release energy as heat. The combustion process produces water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), the latter being especially dangerous from the point of view of air pollution and global warming.

Other combustion products of the nozzle gas can also appear depending on the type of fuel and combustion conditions: nitrogen oxides (NOx) or sulfur (SOx), which are responsible for acid rain. Carbon monoxide (CO), a dangerous poisonous substance, can cause death if inhaled.

Correct adjustment of the device reduces the amount of harmful combustion products. CO2 emissions are reduced when the gas is completely burned out. In order to reduce NOx emissions, it is recommended to use the correct combustion technology, which is ensured by the design of the burner.

Rotating spray nozzles.

In such a nozzle device, the fuel is twisted by rotating the nozzle body. When fuel is ejected through the radial nozzles of the cup atomizer into the air stream, an annular flat flame front is formed. In a tubular atomizer, fuel is dispersed parallel to the axis of the injector and the air flow, forming an elongated flame. Nozzle devices of this type are commonly used in industrial installations. Depending on the heat output of the unit, the fuel consumption can range from several liters per hour to several hundred or even thousands of liters per hour.

Devices for space heating

They mix fuel and oxygen and, using an ignition device, ensure complete combustion, which takes place in the combustion chamber, and heat is transferred to water through a heat exchanger. Control devices regulate ignition, combustion rate, fuel and air supply, exhaust draft, water temperature, steam and water pressure in the boiler.

The hot water produced by the boiler moves by natural circulation through the internal heating system of the entire building. A heating scheme can include hot water heat exchangers, air conditioning and ventilation units.

Device classification

The industry produces a very large number of gas injectors of various types, purposes and designs, which are strictly classified according to the type of fuel and the method of air supply. Airflow classification:

1. Atmospheric - these are burners in which air is supplied in a natural way, it is captured in the Venturi tube by a gas stream according to the injector principle.
2. Forced air or impulse burners are equipped with a fan that provides air supply for combustion of the air-fuel mixture and the removal of products resulting from the combustion of the fuel.

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A gas burner for a stove in a house is divided by fuel type:

1. Gas for burning gaseous fuels.
2. Burner for burning liquid fuel.

The principle of operation of the atmospheric burner

Gas, getting into the nozzle of the nozzle, increases its speed and creates a vacuum at the base of the torch, which sucks in part of the combustion air, the so-called primary air, forming a gas-air mixture.

The main air-gas mixture enters a series of holes (circular, inclined, straight) located on one or more tiers of the device. The mixture is ignited with an igniter. The additional air required for combustion, called secondary air, is drawn into the flame by induction due to natural convection.

A homemade gas burner for heating with domestic gas has a primary air percentage of 40 to 50%. All parts of the device (injectors, mixing tubes) structurally ensure stable combustion of fuel without losses. However, this type of burner does not have the ability to manually control the combustion process. The combustion process is rigidly provided by the burner design and fuel parameters.

While the great advantage of boilers equipped with an atmospheric burner (up to 1 MW) is the simplicity of the system, they have major disadvantages:

• no emergency shutdown of the combustion process during the operation of the brick oven in the event of a sudden interruption of the fuel supply;
• excess air;
• poor combustion efficiency;
• significant production of NO x.

Pulse burner design

It has a higher efficiency than natural ones, more efficient and more complex in design. The fuel burner consists mainly of seven elements:

1. Fuel pump, it supplies fuel from the tank (liquid fuel) to the boiler and is equipped with a pressure regulator that returns the excess fuel required for combustion.
2. A fan, it provides the combustion process with the air necessary for fuel combustion.
3. A solenoid valve is a valve that works automatically. It is used to deliver a jet of fuel in sufficient quantity for combustion.
4. The nozzles are the central part of the burner. The nozzle allows the fuel to be atomized very finely to help it mix thoroughly with the air to form an air / fuel mixture for combustion.
5. Fuel heater, it allows the liquid fuel contained in the tank to be made less viscous to aid combustion. This initial viscosity is related to the storage temperature in the tank as well as the specific characteristics of the fuel.
6. Electrodes, they allow you to ignite the gas-air mixture to create the desired flame.
7. Combustion head, which consists of two elements. A tip that directs the flame and a reflector held by the flame in the stove.

The operating mode of the burner can be divided sequentially into stages:

1. Preignition Turns on the fan, which allows the engine to run.
2. Ignition. Opening of the solenoid valve that directs fuel to the nozzle.
3. Ignition. A spark is created to maintain a stable combustion torch.
4. Mode of operation. Turning off the igniter after stabilization of the flame.
5. Stop. Closing the solenoid valve, turning off the burner and after 15 - 20 minutes of ventilation of the furnace in order to free the combustion space from explosive mixtures, turn off the fan.

Pneumatic nozzles.

A typical high pressure pneumatic injector delivery system includes an air blower, fuel pump, filter, and pressure control valve. When the system is started, the pump pumps out fuel from the tank and through the filter supplies it to the pressure control valve, which opens when the pressure reaches a predetermined level (~ 0.7 MPa), and the fuel enters the nozzle of the injector device.

The high pressure injector nozzle has from two to six tangential fuel passages, depending on the performance of the unit. Through the channels, the fuel enters the atomizer cavity, twists and is ejected through the nozzle. The fuel is atomized, forming a mist of small droplets, and enters the combustion zone, where air is also supplied. The spark ignition device generates a discharge that ignites the air / fuel mixture. In this case, a flame is formed inside the combustion chamber with walls made of heat-resistant material, and the flow of combustion products is used in a corresponding heat-generating installation.

Low pressure pneumatic nozzles are similar in design to those described above, and their principle of operation is somewhat similar to that of a spray gun. The pressure at which liquid fuel enters the atomizer is usually not much higher than atmospheric pressure.

Oven nozzle

The oven gas burner is used to burn gaseous fuels such as gas. They are available as atmospheric or pulse burners. When comparing the two systems, especially the blower burners, they ensure very clean and efficient combustion of gas products in all power ranges by precisely controlling the supply of fuel and combustion air.

In modern and compact heaters, today mainly flat burners are used, in which the flame is distributed over several nozzles over a larger area. The operator's hand makes the combustion especially efficient and also cleaner due to the lower temperature. Especially favorable and clean is the so-called catalytic combustion, in which the gas enters into a chemical oxidation reaction on the catalyst surface with oxygen from the air. This process does not require conventional ignition and is characterized by a very low flame temperature.

Making a nozzle with your own hands

Before you start using a home-made product with your own hands, you need to go through the following procedures:

• The burner must pass a quality check at the local Rostekhnadzor office in accordance with the regulations established in the Federal Law on the Safety of Buildings and Structures of 12/30/2009.
• After this check, it is necessary to obtain a certificate from Rostechnadzor about the suitability of the burner for operation.

In order to start making a nozzle, you need the following materials:

• A valve that will serve to regulate the fuel supply by the device. To supply gas to the burner, use the valve installed on the gas source.
• Steel pipe. It is desirable that it has a thickness of up to 2 mm and a length of up to 100 mm.
• Steel cap for making the fuel dispenser.You can also use a blowtorch jet.
• Steel handle. It can be made from a conventional fitting.
• Rubber for handle lining.
• Wire. It will be used for welding.

You will also need the following tools:

• Welding machine.
• Grinder for cutting parts.

For handicraft, an atmospheric nozzle is preferable due to the simplicity of its design. The procedure is as follows:

1. First, the cap is screwed onto the valve. For example, if a standard VK-74 valve is used, then the cap has a tapered thread.
2. Then, by cutting the existing steel pipe with a grinder to the required dimensions, the nozzle of the future nozzle is made - its basis.
3. Next, the nozzle is welded to the cap using a wire. In this case, the cap and the nozzle should not touch.
4. A piezoelectric element is installed, which is needed to activate the device.

After that, the product is ready for installation.

Attention! To install a system for supplying fuel to a stove from a central heating system, special equipment and experience in working with gas systems are required.

Furnace installation

When installing the finished unit in the furnace, take into account what materials it is made of:

• 

  If we are talking about a brick stove, then the obvious disadvantage will be the high cost and complexity of such a design, which is assembled only by a specialist. In this case, the nozzle is mounted inside the oven.

• In turn, the installation of the unit in a metal furnace is much easier and can be done without the involvement of specialists. In this case, the nozzle is mounted directly into the stove so that the flame enters the boiler in sufficient quantity to form a fuel mixture.

The gas nozzle - the heart of the stove - must be of high quality and correctly installed. If this unit malfunctions, fuel-related problems may arise, which can lead to irreversible consequences.

Liquid fuel combustion device

These burners are used to burn liquid fuels such as low sulfur fuel oil, diesel fuel or biofuels. Unlike gas, this type of fuel must be atomized to a gaseous state. If this is not done, large drops of fuel oil will enter the combustion chamber.

They will not be able to burn completely, will cause the formation of soot, which will settle on the heat exchanger and reduce the useful heating surface of the boiler. These burners at one time offered a forced combustion process, as blowing burners, whereby the necessary air was mechanically supplied to the combustion point. According to the color of the flame, a distinction is made between the so-called yellow and blue burners.

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While yellow burners spray liquid fuel, blue burners use some of the combustion heat to completely vaporize the fuel oil. This way, less soot is produced and combustion occurs at higher temperatures - hence the blue color.

Since clean combustion always depends on a sufficient throughput and sufficient quantity of liquid fuel, the use of such burners in the home is limited compared to gas burners.

Gas equipment security system

The safety system allows continuous monitoring of the burner flame. This control is provided either by a photosensitive photocell created by a flame or by a photocell that is sensitive to light radiation. The system automatically warns the user in the following cases:

• the flame does not appear when fuel is supplied;
• torch breakage during combustion;
• the burner does not work.

Thanks to this control system, the boiler does not have unburned fuel, which can cause an explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler furnace. To ensure reliable and trouble-free operation of the boiler, the burner must perform the following functions:

• fuel ignition;
• automatic feeding and processing of fuel;
• combustion air supply;
• completeness of fuel combustion;
• power regulation.

Trouble-shooting

Having a boiler at home brings many advantages, but it also has a number of disadvantages, and the user does not always know how to do the right thing. Boiler faults are common to many types. It is important to determine the cause of these faults in a timely manner before calling the emergency service. List of the most common and most likely faults.

First of all, if the boiler does not start, you need to check the circuit nodes:

• mains voltage;
• malfunction of the switch or engine fan of the boiler;
• damaged boiler cables;
• false contacts of automation or commissioning equipment;
• the presence of water, whether the gas boiler is powered up to the minimum required mark specified by the equipment manufacturer.

If the boiler failure is not caused by any of these problems, the following procedure is followed:

1. Pay attention to boiler noises, as these are often the first witnesses to destruction. They can also be due to hot water that has got inside the firebox or due to the presence of air in the heating system due to clogged air ducts.
2. Pipe rupture. It usually occurs due to problems with a jammed boiler feed valve, various scale-forming deposits in the boiler, or a malfunction of the condensate drainage systems.
3. Failures due to exceeding the pressure and temperature readings, their corresponding sensors can cause triggering, for example, due to a breakdown of the thermometer or, conversely, which is especially dangerous as a result of real overheating of the boiler.
4. Heating circuits do not work, possibly poor quality of the feed water and scale formation in the boiler pipes.
5. A problem with the burner occurs (loss of flame, accumulation of gas causes detonation and explosion).

In the event of some of these problems, mainly pressure or temperature, the monitor of the boiler monitoring device displays an error message, then the system shuts down and automatically restarts. If the problem persists after restarting, it is best to call a technician to fix the problem. It should be noted, however, that most of these failures are avoidable.

The best prevention is inspection, maintenance and annual cleaning of the boiler, usually carried out by a specialist. This will prevent the pipes from clogging and bursting. Prevention is better than recovery, and a simple annual inspection will keep the equipment and the health of users safe from potential disasters.

The most efficient devices of 2018

The most efficient certified boilers and gas burners this year:

1. Bosch Greenstar series. The boiler is small, very quiet, environmentally friendly and uses an economical condensing technology providing an AFUE rating of 95%. Greenstar is available in two models - combi for space and pointless water heating or space heating, which can be used with DHW tanks. It is equipped with a heat exchanger with a 5 year warranty.
2. Bradford White Brutus Elite series. The boiler with 95% efficiency has a stainless steel multi-pass condensing heat exchanger with an improved modulation system. Innovative design features make Brute Elite easy to install in both new and existing heating systems.
3. Bradford White Brute Elite 125 Series. Customizable combi-based models for heating only, 95% efficient with combi, providing heating and hot water from a single installation. Requires only one gas connection, one ventilation system and built-in expansion tank and boiler pump, has good accessibility for repairs.
4. Buderus GB142 series. Condensing gas boiler. Utilizing state of the art condensation technology with 95% AFUE, the Boer Buderus GB142 wall mounted condenser maximizes the heating value of each m3 of natural gas or LPG.
5. Boiler Alpine Series.It is a natural or liquefied gas condensing hot water boiler with a stainless steel heat exchanger. Equipped with Sage2 boiler control system. 1 TM, which supports multiple firing speeds, is also equipped with an external reset and touch interface.
6. Carrier BMW Performance Series. 95% AFUE. Stainless steel. The modulating condensing boiler is equipped with a unique vertically oriented stainless steel heat exchanger, a ratio of 5 to 1, a compact design with low weight, a compact wall mount, primary and secondary piping, with a 15 year warranty.

Having familiarized yourself with the device and the principle of operation of gas burners and popular models, you can easily choose exactly what suits your needs.