Advantages of one-pipe systems
To determine which heating system is more efficient - one-pipe or two-pipe, it is necessary to study the features of each of them. It is customary to refer to the strengths of heating circuits with one pipe:
- Low costs for consumables and fixtures.
- Resistance to hydrodynamic effects.
- Simplicity in the preparation of project documentation.
- Low labor intensity of installation work.
- No special infrastructure requirements.
Although the advantages of a one-pipe system are many, it is difficult to call it the best option for organizing home heating. The main reason for the popularity of such schemes is the cheapness of their arrangement.
What does the heating control system calculate?
Modern control systems calculate the required water temperature in the boiler (flow line) depending on the external conditions. The relationship between the flow temperature and the outdoor temperature is shown in the graph as a heating curve. The colder it is outside, the higher the flow temperature should be. There are three types of regulation of the heating
installation:
- on the outside;
- at room temperature;
- taking into account the factors affecting the heat index inside the room.
Illustration No. 2. Graphical characteristic of the heating circuit (example). X is the outside temperature, Y is the flow temperature.
Improvements to single-pipe heating circuits
Appropriate technical solutions were developed to control the operation of heating devices. This will require special closing sections (bypasses), after connecting which it becomes possible to build automatic thermostats for batteries into the circuit. In addition, the installation of bypasses brings a few more positives.
The main positive effect of this upgrade is the ability to control the heating level of each battery or radiator. If necessary, the supply of coolant to the device can be completely stopped. This allows the battery to be repaired or replaced without shutting down the entire circuit.
A bypass is a bypass pipe that has special valves or taps. If everything is done correctly, water flows can be started up the riser, past the serviced or replaced heating device. As a rule, independent installation of such devices is quite difficult to carry out, even with detailed instructions on hand. In order to avoid miscalculations for this work, it is better to call a professional plumber. In a heating circuit with one main pipe, it is recommended to use particularly durable radiators designed for high pressure and high temperatures.
Weaknesses of a one-pipe system
The disadvantages of this scheme are usually:
- The complexity of the implementation of the calculation of thermal and hydraulic parameters.
- A difficult procedure for correcting errors in the calculations of heating devices.
- Influence on each other of all nodes and elements of the system. This is one of the main factors that distinguishes a one-pipe heating system from a two-pipe one.
- Very high level of hydrodynamic resistance.
- One riser is capable of providing a limited number of radiators.
- There is no way to control the heating level of batteries and radiators.
In cases where the vertical riser feeds 10 or more heating devices, then the difference in the heating temperature of the first and last radiators in the series circuit will reach almost 50 degrees.This fact often becomes decisive in determining which heating is better - one-pipe or two-pipe.
The use of one-pipe systems in private construction
If we are talking about a one-story house, then when using heating with one main riser, there will be no risk of uneven heating. In the case of a multi-storey building, the upper floors will receive a more significant portion of the heat than the lower ones. As a result, it will be cool on the ground floors of the house, and hot on the upper floors. Since mansions rarely have more than two or three floors, there will not be much difference in the heating of radiators in one-pipe or two-pipe heating in a private house.
Strengths and weaknesses of two-pipe systems
Investigating the question of which heating scheme is better, one cannot bypass the characteristics of systems with two pipes.
They have the following advantages:
- It becomes possible to use automatic thermostats for batteries or heating radiators. Such moments need to be planned even during the design development.
- In this case, a special collector system is used to distribute pipes to rooms. In the event of a failure or a decrease in the efficiency of any one unit, this will in no way affect the performance of the remaining elements of the circuit.
- The two-pipe system implies the use of a parallel connection for the radiators.
Weak sides:
- It is much more difficult to equip such a heating scheme.
- The cost of developing a project requires significant financial costs.
- Installation works are more complicated to implement.
Areas of use:
- Private housing construction.
- Elite projects development.
- Multi-storey buildings with top wiring.
In buildings with 10 or more floors, it is recommended to use a one-pipe system with horizontal wiring for each floor, or a two-pipe system with an upper vertical wiring. This will guarantee effective circulation.
Positive characteristics of two-pipe collector heating:
- Low level of hydrodynamic resistance.
- You can set the optimal heating level for each room.
Before turning on the collector heating system, it must be well rebuilt. In order for the installation work and subsequent operation of the two-pipe system to be as simple as possible, an appropriate infrastructure will be required.
Construction of a thermal circuit
The construction of the heating circuit is a basic configuration of the scope of construction work. At the end of this stage, the house becomes a full-fledged structure, requiring only interior decoration and the organization of the functioning of communications. The thermal circuit consists of several mandatory elements:
- Foundation;
- Walls;
- Roof;
- Window;
- Overlap partitions.
The thermal circuit is closed by installing windows and doors, which contributes to the formation of a microclimate in the premises of the house with a stable temperature and normal humidity, which is necessary for high-quality finishing work. After the construction of the heating circuit, the house reaches the stage of readiness, at which, if necessary, the construction site can be "frozen" for a long time without damage to the house.
ROTENSTEIN builds houses exclusively using the closed thermal loop method. Namely, by insulating the roof and installing windows and doors. These items are already included in the price of our houses.
Only dried wooden beams are used in the roof structure. This allows you to cover and insulate the roof immediately, and also eliminates deformation of the structure. And the installation of windows and doors makes it possible to suspend work, for example, for the winter, excluding the ingress of precipitation inside the house.
Our experts approach the installation of windows with particular scrupulousness, because it is they who often cause significant heat loss. Depending on your preferences, you can choose two-chamber plastic windows (you can choose any shade of color coating), or you can supply premium wooden double-glazed windows. The entire range of windows is distinguished by exceptional quality, which our customers have already appreciated. The Rotenstein houses are equipped with metal entrance doors with a safe lock and with two contours of the seal, which in severe frosts excludes the formation of perspiration on the inside of the door. This solution reduces the need to design the vestibule, as well as the installation of an additional "internal" entrance door.
The construction time for a closed heating circuit in our company is from 4 to 8 months. As well as the cost, the terms are fixed in the work contract. And they are subject to revision only if it is impossible to carry out work due to weather conditions. We strictly adhere to the technology of masonry and all building codes, without exception, therefore, if frost occurs during work, construction is suspended until spring. At this time, the object is preserved according to the unique Wienerberger technology, which does not allow the influence of atmospheric conditions on the structure.
What are the two-pipe schemes
The most popular are the following types of wiring:
- Upper... An excellent option to organize a gravity heating system without a circulation pump. It is characterized by a fairly low hydrodynamic resistance. In the course of work, partial cooling of the upper supply pipe can be observed. As a result, additional pressure of the coolant circulation appears.
- Lower... Here the supply and return pipes run close to each other. The following modifications of the lower wiring are found: "star" and "loop". In the first case, each of the radiators is equipped with a personal supply and return pipe. In the second version, the collectors commute all batteries in series.
Deciding which heating system to choose ― one-pipe or two-pipe, it is necessary to carefully weigh the pros and cons. In any case, preliminary calculations and drafting will be required. This will make it possible to determine both the heating devices and the main pipes. The final conclusion about which heating layout is better in a private house is made by the owner of the home.
What is contour definition of different values
Most often, the word "contour" is used in its geometric meaning, which means the border of a flat figure. There are other meanings of this word.
What is an electrical circuit
From the point of view of electrical engineering, a circuit is a simple closed circuit consisting of one or more branches connected in series. That is, any closed path that passes through the branches of the chain can be called a closed loop.
What is an information security circuit
CIB - information security circuit - is a special software package that is used to control the leakage of corporate information and help in detecting attempts of unauthorized access to it. This complex was developed in Russia. It operates within the corporation's computer network, controlling its internal information space, as well as a wide range of communication channels.
What is a cartographic contour
In cartography, a contour is a line on a map that connects points of equal height. If the contours are located at a small distance from each other, then this means that the slopes of the hill are very steep.Long-distance contours indicate slightly hilly areas of the earth's surface, and the absence of such contours on the map means that this area is flat.
What is a ground loop
The ground loop is usually installed around the building along the perimeter of the walls. If you look at the ground electrode from above, you will notice that it is mounted along the contour of the object: that is why it is called the ground loop. In fact, it is a group of vertical electrodes that are connected by a horizontal conductor. Such electrodes are mounted near the object at a short distance from each other. The grounding element in such a device is usually either a steel corner or an armature (3 meters long). A 4x40 mm steel strip is used as a connecting conductor. It is laid in a previously prepared ditch half a meter deep. The conductor is connected to the ground electrode using electric or gas welding - gas welding.
What is a DHW circuit
The DHW circuit is a closed piping system. The main element of such a system is a water-to-water heat exchanger. One of its circuits is used to circulate the heating medium of the heating system (hot water), and on the other, cold tap water is supplied.
Naturally, the concept of "contour" can be found in other sciences, however, having a general idea of what a contour is, you can guess their meaning on your own.
