Open and closed heater: what's the difference

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Published: 02.02.

1 Why do you need a stove in a Russian bath
2 Sauna stove with a closed heater: comparison with an open heater
3 Do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed type of heater
4 Requirements
5 Batch stove with closed stove
6 Advantages of closed heaters
7 Care of the stove
8 Closed stove - how it works
9 The need to shield the walls
10 Steam cannon
11 Manufacturers of metal bath aggregates
12 EasySteam Stoves
13 Stove Enchantress for baths
14 Stoves Paravoz

Stove for a Russian bath with a closed heater

Each Russian bath has a stove. Therefore, you should think about which model you need to install in it. Electrical products will never replace a real oven. Many people prefer a metal or brick heater. In any case, it must provide optimal temperature performance and provide the right amount of steam.
To get hot steam, stones are placed in a furnace on a fire and thoroughly calcined. Then they are doused with water and the room is filled with hot, humid steam. Since there is no source of fire in the steam room, oxygen is not burned out accordingly.

This model most closely matches the concept of a traditional Russian bath, because it best conveys the atmosphere that is so necessary for a pleasant pastime.

In closed heaters for heat transfer, the steam door is installed at the level of the top row of the stone backfill or higher. When fuel is burned, it remains closed, as a result of which smoke does not penetrate into the room. Before entering the steam room, the door is opened so that the room is thoroughly warmed up to a temperature of 45-60 degrees.

It takes a lot of time and fuel for such a heater to warm up properly. They begin to heat it 2-3 hours before visiting the bath. The high temperature in the steam room is created by heating the stones.

Depending on the operating mode of the stove with a closed heater, there are:

Periodic action.
Permanent (long-term) action.

Bath "with an open mind" - choose the type of heater

If a bathhouse has already been erected on your site, and you are satisfied that the job is almost done, do not rush. The walls are important, but the stuffing is more important.

Sauna stoves with a stove was traditionally used in Russian baths and steam rooms. The principle of operation of such a stove is simple: fire heats stones to very high temperatures, and they accumulate heat, heat the air in the room and turn water into hot steam.

According to the principle of the device, the stove for a bath with a stove can be divided into open and closed.

When it comes to choosing a stove, a difficult dilemma arises: should you give preference to a closed or open stove? It would seem - oven and oven ... Why is this moment so important? Everything is understandable: the heater is a source of steam, and the comfort of the vaping process completely depends on what it will be like, and in general the mood from visiting the bathhouse. Consider two types of stoves to help the owner of the future bath to make the right choice.

Sauna stoves with an open stove are most common among iron stoves. Their design feature is that cobblestones are located in a special niche on top of the firebox.

An obvious inconvenience is that it is more difficult for these ovens to bring the steam to the desired state (temperature, humidity, fine dispersion, etc.). The fact is that the stones in such a furnace, quickly gaining a temperature of 200-250 degrees, also quickly give it away, because they directly border on the air of the steam room.This is where a problem occurs: to get good steam, you need to properly heat the top layer of stones, and due to the fact that they constantly give off heat, the steam room begins to overheat. It turns out like this - when the stones are ready to give off the right steam, the temperature above the shelf is already too high for soaring. Further, if the stove is not heated, the stones begin to cool quickly, and this leads to the fact that the steam is damp and heavy.

However, if this information causes you bewilderment - "Who needs such inconvenient stoves?" - do not rush to draw conclusions. After all, open heaters also have serious advantages.

Firstly, it takes only about an hour from kindling the stove to the readiness of the bath. And for many, saving time is of the essence.

Secondly, and this is also important, bath stoves with an open stove give serious fuel savings.

Tip: in order for the open stove to be hot all the time, after giving in steam, you need to cover the stones with an iron galvanized cover.

Sauna stoves with a closed heater

The most consistent with the concept of a classic Russian bath, tk. best of all create a suitable atmosphere for a leisurely, comfortable action with brooms. Why we are sure of this - we will try to explain.

The main feature of closed stoves is that the stones laid for heat accumulation are inside the stove. They are heated due to the walls separating them from the firebox. The temperature of the stones in them is 400-500 degrees. Water splashes onto the stove through a special door in the oven.

What does it do? Since the stones are closed, the transfer of heat to the steam room is, one might say, delicate. The space heats up slowly but evenly, which creates more comfortable conditions for vaping. Water, falling on hot stones, turns into finely dispersed steam, which overheats in a confined space and comes out through the slightly open door in a ready-made state. Such, moderately dry and hot, steam is called light.

Having heated up such a bath in the evening, in the morning it is quite possible to rinse in it or wash the child.

Closed heaters are safer than open ones, because at the moment of "giving in" to the stones, the probability of a burn from steam is excluded.

And another advantage of stoves with a closed stove is that such a design allows you to maintain a high temperature for a long time, allowing you to steam for an hour or two, resting at your pleasure in the dressing room and not being afraid that the steam will "run out".

At the same time, like any design, stoves with a closed heater have their drawbacks: prolonged heating of the steam room, high consumption of firewood. And, finally, already one kind of open stones for many experienced bathers evokes the anticipation of pleasure.

About stones

For the oven to work well, you need certain stones - round, smooth, the size of a tennis ball to a chicken egg. The largest ones are laid down, the smallest ones are laid up. In total, you will need about 100 kg of stones. Over time, the stones become covered with soot and must be cleaned. And after a few years, it is even better to replace them - they begin to crack and crumble.

We hope that all of the above will allow the future owners of the bath to fundamentally decide on the choice of the type of heater. And finally, we will give two examples of specific brands of sauna stoves that stand out favorably among their "classmates". Specialists of the Dymovoy store recommend paying attention to the stoves from the well-known Russian: Kuban and Domna.

"Kuban" offers a qualitatively new level of steam production.

This oven has two heaters at once: open and closed. In a closed stove, water is evenly distributed over the entire volume of hot stones. The output is really light steam.

An open stove allows you to select the steam room mode at your discretion, and a special casing creates streams of heat that quickly warms up the steam room.

IN sauna stove "Domna" the main "feature" is the presence of a closed heater, which is located directly inside the firebox. This design allows the stones to be heated to very high temperatures and to produce extremely pleasant steam. The Domna is equipped with a funnel to supply water deep into the heater.

Specialists of the Dymovoy store are always ready to advise you on other models of sauna stoves, both with open and closed heaters.

Find out what kind of doors there are for baths.

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Do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed type of heater

Metal heaters are virtually indistinguishable from ordinary brick heaters. Their main difference is that they warm up much faster, since the metal itself is thinner than brick.

In baths with metal stoves, they begin to steam within 30-40 minutes after the start of the firebox. But if such an oven heats up quickly, it also cools down quickly. This is precisely its disadvantage. Just like stone stoves, metal stoves can be with open or closed stoves.

All metal sauna stoves with a closed or open stove function as long as someone is in the steam room.

What is a Russian bathhouse without a stove, without steam? The whole essence of the bath procedure is reduced to obtaining a useful scalding steam. The construction of a heater-stove allows you to get the required amount of steam, to warm up the steam room to high temperatures.

The hot stones of the stove are able to accumulate and give off heat to the surrounding air, and the water falling on them turns into a healing health steam.

Sauna stove with a closed stove Laguna
The main difference between the closed-type stove design is the location of stones inside the stove, which are heated through the walls of the stove from the firebox, as well as through hot smoke passing through the cobblestones. Compared to an open stove, the stones here are heated to a temperature of 400-700 degrees, depending on the type of stove.

To create steam, water in stoves with a closed heater is supplied to the stones through a specially built door.

The advantages of a closed sauna stove are:

The steam room does not warm up as quickly as with the open type, but evenly, which creates a favorable microclimate in the bath and more comfortable conditions for the steam room.
The stones are warmed up evenly, accumulating heat for a long time.
The steam room does not overheat.
The creation of high-quality steam is provided by the walls of the stove, which keep the steam inside and promote its infusion. Compared to the open heater, the steam is dry and light.
The high temperature in the steam room is maintained for a long time without the need to heat up the oven.
High fire safety.
The ability to heat large areas.
The ability to regulate the heating rate of the room, for which it is enough to open the heater door.
When steam is supplied, the possibility of scalding is excluded.

Among the disadvantages of the closed type, the following can be noted:

Long time of kindling and warming up the steam room.
Greater fuel consumption than an open heater.

Now let's look at the advantages and disadvantages of a stove with an open heater. A feature of this type of heater is the open arrangement of stones in a special niche above the firebox. The temperature is transferred to the stones by the heated surface of the walls of the stove, from which they receive heat and transfer to each other. The larger the heated surface area, the better the cobblestones are heated.

Often, one layer of stones, pressed along the perimeter to the walls of the stove, is enough to generate the required amount of steam and heat. In an open-type stove, the main thing is not to overdo it with the number of stones.If there are too many of them, the top row will not have time to warm up, since there will be no contact with the walls, and steam will not form.

Sauna stove Rus 9 with an open heater

The advantages of an open heater are:

Fuel economy.
Rapid heating relative to the start of the stove firing.

Disadvantages:

The stones heat up quickly, but they also give off heat just as quickly as they cool down.
In order to get high-quality steam, it is necessary to warm up the top layer of stones well, but the steam room at the same time begins to overheat, creating an uncomfortable atmosphere. To prevent the stones from cooling down quickly, it is necessary to heat the stove, and without this the steam turns out to be heavy and damp.
The stones heat up less than in a closed heater.

Type selection

Each owner chooses a stove with such a heater as he likes. It is good if you have experience of being in steam rooms, each of which is equipped with its own type of container for stones. Still, there are recommendations.

It is better to use an open stove in small baths with metal stoves, in which they do not take a lot of steam and for a long time. Quick kindling is convenient. Well, adding water to stones is a special process.

A closed heater is required for baths with brick stoves. Steel must be equipped with a forced supply of steam, which will pass through the stones. If you allocate a whole day for a bath, then a closed heater is what you need.

The choice of the type of placement of stones for the stove depends on the preferences of the owner. For small saunas, an open stove can be recommended to quickly bring the steam room into readiness. In large complexes for a long stay, they put a closed one in order to keep warm for longer.

Do-it-yourself stove for a bath with a closed stove

The type of heater is selected based on the size of the steam room, the desired steam output - dry or wet, the expected number of steam baths, the heating time of the steam room. The foundation is installed at a level 50 cm below the ground. It is made of concrete, covered with a waterproofing sheet and a brick layer on top.

The walls of the firebox are installed at an angle so that the remnants of burnt firewood spill out onto the grate, which, in turn, is mounted under the boiler in the central part. Next, a blower door is installed, which regulates the force of air supply to the ash pan. By decreasing or increasing it, you can adjust the force of burning wood or other fuel.

An ash pan is installed under the grate to collect the remains of burnt wood. It also regulates the air entering the firebox. A water tank is installed inside the stove, and a coil is placed inside the firebox. The stones are placed on a grate made of metal rods with a diameter of 4-6 cm inside the chimney.

Steam oven with closed stove

The quantity and quality of steam depends on the correct choice of stones. The correct calculation is 35-45 kg of cobblestones per 1 m3 of the steam room. The best choice for the heater is gray and black cobblestones collected from the water, as they are stronger than others. The optimal size is a stone about the size of a fist, the shape is round or oval.

In order to obtain high-quality fine-dispersed steam, you can install a steam generator, or the so-called steam gun. It is lowered to the lowest row of the stone pile of the stove, and a valve installed at the top of the stove keeps the heavy steam from escaping through the top of the pipe.

General information

A reasonable question arises: how to ensure that the stones are red-hot, but the steam room does not heat up above the temperature norm? This is achieved using a closed-top stove.

Closed stove design

The stones are located inside the stove, and the room is heated through the stoves that cover the firebox and with the help of hot smoke that passes through the cobblestones. In a stove with a closed stove, the stones are heated up to 500 degrees.

What are the advantages of a closed sauna stove?

The steam room warms up gradually and evenly, thanks to this, a certain microclimate is created and it is comfortable to be in such a steam room.
The stones are heated as evenly as the entire steam room.
With such a furnace, the steam room will not overheat.
In such a furnace, the correct steam is produced, which is provided by the walls of this structure. They trap the steam so that it is infused inside the oven. Such steam is moderately dry and light.
If the stove is with a closed stove, then a high temperature is maintained in the steam room for a long time, and there is no need to frequently "heat up" the stove.
The oven is closed, which means the risk of fire is minimal.
This type of oven is capable of heating large rooms.
Safety of use. It is almost impossible to get burned by applying steam.

Among the disadvantages are:

Long time for kindling and heating the bath.
High fuel consumption compared to an open heater.

What you need to pay attention to when choosing

A good sauna stove with a closed heater should have a number of characteristics:

Be powerful enough;
Create the right microclimate in the steam room;
The door covering the firebox must be made of heat-resistant glass;
The oven should heat up quickly and maintain the temperature at the set temperature for a long time.

The classic version of the stove for a bath with a closed masonry

It is made of bricks. But it is quite expensive and takes a long period of time.

In the modern world, cast iron stoves with closed masonry have begun to be used. There are enough manufacturers of this kind of ovens and the buyer is presented with a large selection of options. The choice is based on the financial capabilities of the consumer and the size of the premises.

Below is a rating of manufacturers of stoves for a bath with closed masonry:

The most popular for private use over the years has shown itself a brand Harvia Classic 280 TOP... The brand is pleasantly pleased with democratic prices and good quality.
Furnace brand "Kuban". Its design includes both open and closed heaters. This is its difference and dignity. This stove creates the correct steam typical of a Russian bath.
Furnace brand "Hephaestus 3K»Is distinguished by original design and good quality.

Undoubtedly, you can not buy a ready-made stove with a closed heater, but make it yourself. The first step is to determine the size of the stove based on the size of the steam room. Next, you need to fill the foundation, the level should be 50 cm below the ground.

Attention. The foundation is poured from concrete, which is covered with a waterproofing sheet and a layer of bricks on top.

After the foundation is ready, they begin to install the walls of the firebox, which should be at an angle: in order for the burnt wood to fall on the grate. The grate must be located under the central part of the boiler.

To supply the correct steam, the cobblestones must be calculated. Typically, this is from 30 to 50 boulders per 1 cubic meter of the steam room. The best stone should be fist-sized, oval or round. This shape allows fire and smoke to penetrate freely between them.

Attention. Remember to equip your oven with a steam door.

Requirements

The following requirements are imposed on a heater for a Russian bath:

It provides the steam room with a high temperature, which should be 45 degrees at the floor and 80 degrees at the ceiling.
Moistens the air by pouring water over the stones.
Does not emit smoke and carbon monoxide into the room.
It must be safe when using the bath.
Economical on fuel.

If the stove is metal, then it is equipped with an additional grid-heater. This container works in a metal oven in the same way as in a stone one. Only in this case the stove heats up much faster, because it is located directly above the firebox.This feature makes the metal structure much more popular than the stone one, which takes more time to warm up and, accordingly, more fuel is consumed.

Depending on the way the stones are placed, the stoves are divided into types that have a closed or open stove.

Is a closed or open heater better?

We have not yet mentioned that there are open heaters... This is when the stones have direct contact with the air in the steam room. Many people imagine a steam room this way: there is a stove with a beautiful pile of stones on top, water splashes on them and excellent steam is obtained.

If in truth, the steam turns out to be disgusting - heavy, thick, opaque, and most importantly - least of all needed in both Russian and Finnish baths... Finns pour little water to keep the air dry enough - at those high temperatures that they like, high humidity will simply cook a person, bring him to a heart attack... And in a Russian bath, steam is needed of a completely different quality - overheated, with a temperature of more than 100 degrees. And getting it from open stones is unrealistic. At least not without a steam gun.

So why are open heaters made? And the reason for their popularity is completely different - they provide heating of the room... You can quickly heat the steam room with a stove with metal walls; stones are needed so that convection is long and continuous.

So to say whether a closed or open heater is better is difficult, depends on the goals set. The same goes for choosing the best oven.

By the way, there are stoves where both are present. Is it good? The presence of a closed one suggests that the owner is not alien to the joys of the Russian bath, but it needs fully controlled convection, and an open one does not give control possibilities. On the other hand, closed not needed in the sauna... So such stoves are a marketing ploy, adding options without taking into account the specifics of a particular mode.

Do you want an ersatz Russian bath with an open stove? Take a steam generator (more about it here). Heat the steam room quickly using a conventional stove, and the steam generator will quickly give out light, finely dispersed steam. Will it be “tasty”? It's not the same for everybody. And if you want a sauna mode, then just do not turn on the steam generator and that's it. This is how we understand “oven with different modes”.

Closed stove - how it works

Before moving on to how a do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed stove is built, you need to figure out what a Russian steam room is.

The difference between a sauna room and a dry steam room is the different air parameters. In the bath, there is an increased humidity in the range of 50-70% at a temperature of 45-70 degrees. Such a big difference is possible for the reason that all people have different preferences, and there are several modes in the Russian bath. Typically, visitors begin to warm up when the air reaches 45 degrees, and pour water on stones at higher temperatures.

We offer you to familiarize yourself with: Washing in a wooden bath - All about the bath

This regime, obviously, was formed for the reason that the baths were heated by stone stove structures, and other ways to steam were unavailable. According to the conclusions of scientists, it is these indicators that contribute to improving health. And currently, a brick stove is considered the best option for a bath. However, not everyone can afford it, and for this reason, metal units are most in demand, of which there are a huge number.

They are presented in different options and price categories. Many of them have an open stove, which is why the stones are constantly in contact with air. They are not suitable for Russian baths, since they cannot provide the required regime. The high heat dissipation of the metal case leads to the fact that the air is significantly overheated.

An open stove also does not allow steam of the required condition to be obtained - it must be of a high temperature and consist of the smallest drops. It was called "light" because after visiting the steam room there is no pain in the head, and the body feels light. This type of steam does not form when the heater is open. It turns out to be heavy and moist, after which a headache appears. Therefore, it is preferable to have a sauna stove with a closed heater.

True, a metal stove may also be present in the Russian steam room. It is desirable that she has not only an external, but also an internal closed heater with a large volume. If the design of the unit is exactly this, the stones heat up to 500 degrees, sometimes even higher, while in an open heater it is no more than 200-250 degrees. When water hits a hot surface, a light, almost transparent steam is formed, which is appreciated by fans of the Russian bath.

Before moving on to how a do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed stove is built, you need to figure out what a Russian steam room is.

The difference between a sauna room and a dry steam room is the different air parameters. In the bath, there is an increased humidity in the range of 50-70% at a temperature of 45-70 degrees. Such a big difference is possible for the reason that all people have different preferences, and there are several modes in the Russian bath. Usually, visitors begin to warm up when the air reaches 45 degrees, and pour water on stones at higher temperatures.

They are presented in different options and price categories. Many of them have an open heater, which is why the stones are constantly in contact with air. They are not suitable for Russian baths, since they cannot provide the required regime. The high heat dissipation of the metal case leads to the fact that the air is significantly overheated.

Varieties of closed sauna heaters

There are two types of stoves with an internal heater: periodic and constant action.

In the first case stones lie over the firebox on the grate of one kind or another, which allows tongues of flame and fuel gases to penetrate freely through their pile. At the same time, the contact is complete, which ensures maximum heat transfer.

Russian sauna stove with a closed heater

The grill can be a brick vault of a firebox or metal, for example, trimming rails. But here it still depends on what material the stove is from and what design. But here's what's important:

Important! The batch furnace does not allow water to be poured onto the stones during the heating process. You need to wait until the fuel burns out, only then splash. Otherwise, you would have flooded the fire.

If you put stones in a metal box, then direct contact with the flame is lost, it turns out a deaf stove, in which fire heats metal, and metal heats stones. The heat transfer is less perfect, but the stove can be heated all the time (it becomes permanent action), soot does not get into the room at all (this is the same “white»Stove), in general, all the minuses have their pluses.

The need to shield the walls

In addition to the fact that a closed-type stove is required, it is also important to shield the fluxes of hard radiation coming from the metal walls. A number of manufacturers create double metal enclosures around the unit housing to reduce convection.

For the same purpose, cladding with natural minerals can also be used. Such stoves are offered by many manufacturing companies, but since the natural finish is very expensive, the products cannot be called cheap.

In addition to the fact that a closed-type stove is required, it is also important to shield the fluxes of hard radiation coming from the metal walls. A number of manufacturers create double metal enclosures around the unit housing to reduce convection.

Criterias of choice

To cleanse the body of toxins, toxins, cleanse itself physically and spiritually, relax, enjoy yourself only in a real Russian steam room. Experts say that no Finnish saunas were nearby. To do this, it must meet the following criteria:

give enough power;
create a unique atmosphere of a Russian bath - a certain combination of temperature in the steam room and humidity;
provide fast, uniform heating of the room;
the firebox door should be made of heat-resistant glass, this will save time during maintenance;
a sauna stove for a Russian bath is better when a closed-type heater is used
quickly gain and withstand high temperatures, which close the list of necessary parameters.

A brick stove for a Russian bath is a traditional option, but not everyone can fold it correctly. Laying a brick stove is a laborious, expensive process.

Ready-made models made of steel and cast iron can compete with it, but it is advisable to arrange a protective screen made of brick. The rating of sauna stoves for a Russian bath is given below.

Batch stove with closed stove

It is considered one of the most popular designs of a stove for a Russian bath, which retains heat for a long time (for 1-2 days). The stones are in the middle of the brazier and are heated by the burning furnace or by the smoke that is directed through them into the chimney. This construction heats stones very well. The bottom layer can be heated up to 1000 degrees, and the top - up to 650 degrees.

Due to the exposure of the stones to the smoke, they become covered with soot. therefore, the sauna can be used as soon as the fuel has completely burned out. Such a high heating temperature of the stones helps to ensure that the soot particles on the stones are completely burned out. Otherwise, the steam room is filled with carbon monoxide, which is poisonous. It should take 3-5 hours after lighting the heater before the first steam lovers enter the steam room.

This design consists of a blower, a firebox, stone filling and a chimney. In this design, the stones are heated by the walls that separate them from the firebox. The stones can heat up to 400-500 degrees, the steam room begins to warm up from them. The body of the continuous heater is made of refractory sheet steel 4 mm thick.

A stove with a closed permanent heater has its own characteristics. Since the outside of its body heats up very much due to the small thickness of the firebox masonry, it is placed in a metal casing. Between the body and the screen, air is circulated, heated from the walls of the furnace, which is heated to the limit.

Usually the bath is heated in such a way that the fuel products do not burn completely and soot settles on the stones.When the stones are poured with water, the steam that enters the steam room, along with it, captures the soot particles. The air in the steam room becomes dirty. To prevent this from happening, stones in stoves with a closed door of constant action are fenced off from smoke with a steel or cast iron stove.

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Stone Kiln

Pros:

Keeps the room warm for a long time.
Heats up large volumes of space by evenly distributing heat.
Long service life.
Ease of operation.
High level of fire safety.

Minuses:

Large dimensions, dimensions.
Great weight.
For installation, it is necessary to fill the foundation, without fail.
Warms up from 3 hours or more.
Difficulty cleaning and maintenance.

Whatever choice was made, the stove should be installed not in the center of the bath, but near the wall closer to the front door. The fuel door must necessarily open into the dressing room, and not into the steam room. Working with the stove is always a danger, so it is important to observe safety precautions and always pay close attention to your duties.

Steam cannon

The operation of a closed heater depends on how insulated it is from the unit walls and the state of the air in the steam room. The better these indicators, the more it will turn out to heat the stones. However, in this case, there is a problem with how to supply water to the stones.

In order to get steam inside the stove, they equip a system of pipes with holes. A glass or funnel is attached outside and water is poured. It flows down the pipe down the unit. Such a device is called a heat gun. It got its name from the fact that the escaping steam makes loud sounds, reminiscent of a shot.

In order to get steam inside the stove, they equip a system of pipes with holes. A glass or funnel is attached outside and water is poured. It flows down the pipe down the unit. Such a device is called a heat gun. It got its name from the fact that the escaping steam makes loud sounds, reminiscent of a shot.

When using this device, it is recommended not to be limited to a single tube - it is better to make a branched version at the bottom, which will evenly distribute the liquid over the stove and bring it to the most heated zones.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with: How to create a reliable base for a bath

Manufacturers of metal aggregates for baths

If the question arises, what are the best stoves for a bath with a closed heater, then it is worth talking about the most popular and proven products. They are present in the lines of the following manufacturers: Vulkan, Teplodar, Termofor (read: “How to choose and install a Vulkan stove for a bath”). There are also devices with a closed heater from Finnish companies.

The following enterprises produce metal stoves for Russian baths:

Feringer;
Kutkin;
Teklar;
Troika;
Kalita;
Svarozhich;
Enchantress;
Isist;
Sudarushka.

Manufacturers who are in the top four have already earned a positive reputation - buyers refer to them as reliable manufacturers.

If the question arises, what are the best stoves for a bath with a closed heater, then it is worth talking about the most popular and proven products. They are present in the lines of the following manufacturers: Vulkan, Teplodar, Termofor (read: "How to choose and install a Vulkan stove for a bath"). There are also devices with a closed heater from Finnish companies.

Manufacturers who are in the top four have already earned a positive reputation - buyers refer to them as reliable manufacturers.

useful links

A cast iron stove with a closed stove is a subject for a separate analysis in this article.

You can read about a stove for a Russian bath with a closed heater here.

Another of our material is about a brick stove.

*** If you still have questions that you did not find an answer to, write comments and do not hesitate to use the search - we have a lot of good articles.

Advantages of closed heaters

Compared to stoves with an open heater, stoves with a closed heater have many positive aspects.

The stove of a Russian bath with a closed stove is not heated from the steam room, so the ingress of carbon monoxide into the steam room is completely excluded. Because of this, it is pleasant to be in the steam room, and the air is saturated with the aromas of a brewed broom or herbs, which are steamed specifically to create steam.
A large number of stones are heated evenly, as a result of which a light steam is formed, saturated with moisture from tiny droplets. This makes it easy to tolerate the high temperature in the steam room. In addition, it is scientifically proven that too high temperatures are harmful to the health of the body.
Such designs are more reliable in terms of safety, because when adding liquid to stones, the likelihood of a steam burn is completely excluded. In addition, the combustion chamber itself is closed with a separate door.
As soon as the stones are heated to the required temperature, the stove should be stopped heating, because it will maintain the required temperature for quite a long time due to the slow cooling of the stones inside it.

Stoves with open and closed heaters

Without a heater, the stove loses its functionality and simply turns into a place for regular washing. Stones accumulate and give off heat best of all, so the sauna stoves of our distant ancestors were already equipped with a container with stones. There are two types of stoves - with an open and closed stove.

Open stone constructions

Such ovens take up little space and involve rapid heating of the room. After a maximum of an hour and a half (more often faster), the stones heat up to 300 degrees. This temperature is enough to wrap the steam room in pleasant hot steam.

Variety of EasySteam stoves

These units are made of stainless steel with a thickness of 4-6 millimeters, the chromium content in them is 17%. In order to reduce the number of welds, the furnace and the container for stones are formed by stamping and bending. To strengthen the walls of the furnace, special stiffening ribs are used, and to improve the heating of stones and reduce the load on the bottom, it is made rounded.

To prevent the flames from entering the chimney, a flame divider is installed in the firebox. The chimney duct is bent in order to more efficiently use the energy obtained in the process of fuel combustion. As a result, the flue gases bend around the container filled with stones from all sides, which leads to their high-quality heating.

In order to regulate the functioning, in the upper part of the unit there is a knob that changes the location of the thermostat damper. When the lumen is open, an intense heating of the room occurs, and if it is closed, stones.

Such ovens for closed-type baths have steam generators installed inside, namely, systems consisting of tubes with holes that are located in the heater. The water that enters there falls on the highly heated stones, and then is distributed over a large area due to the presence of a system of holes.

Water begins to evaporate, falling on hot stones. The steam that has formed rushes upward, bypassing the stones in the direction of the outlet above. As a result, the steam breaks up into tiny particles, warms up more and turns out to be almost transparent.

This company presents five product lines on the market. Four of them are for baths of various sizes: Sochi, Yalta, Gelendzhik, Anapa. The Cherepovets blast furnace is offered for professional service.A feature of EasyStim products with a closed heater is the side door, designed for convenient maintenance of the heating unit. It can be on the left or right, so when ordering, you need to discuss this point.

Furnaces are produced either under the protection of a brick screen, or with lining with slabs of a coil or soapstone. Technical parameters differ from model to model. Those that have cladding are characterized by their large size and weight, as well as a significant price. The mass of the facing material can reach 250 kilograms.

A closed sauna heater such as Sochi, Gelendzhik and Anapa has the same structure inside. They differ in power and, accordingly, are suitable for steam rooms of various sizes. Modifications in the same line have differences in the size of the stone compartment, and based on this, the thermal inertness of the furnace.

The more stones, the longer it takes to warm up the steam room, but at the same time it allows you to get more steam. Its inertia is also ideal for drying the steam room, since the stones give off the heat generated for a long time.

A novelty among the EasyStream line - "Yalta" has a different design, which is a kind of mesh oven. But it is quite unusual: the closed internal heater is located around the chimney, which is surrounded by an open and ventilated heater.

These units are made of stainless steel with a thickness of 4-6 millimeters, the chromium content in them is 17%. In order to reduce the number of welds, the furnace and the container for stones are formed by stamping and bending. To strengthen the walls of the furnace, special stiffening ribs are used, and to improve the heating of stones and reduce the load on the bottom, it is made rounded.

This company presents five product lines on the market. Four of them are for baths of various sizes: Sochi, Yalta, Gelendzhik, Anapa. The Cherepovets blast furnace is offered for professional service. A feature of EasyStim products with a closed heater is the side door, designed for convenient maintenance of the heating unit. It can be on the left or right, so when ordering, you need to discuss this point.

Furnaces are produced either under the protection of a brick screen, or with lining with slabs of a coil or soapstone. Technical parameters differ from model to model. Those that have cladding are characterized by their large size and weight, as well as a significant price. The mass of the facing material can reach 250 kilograms.

The more stones, the longer it takes to warm up the steam room, but at the same time it allows you to get more steam.Its inertia is also ideal for drying the steam room, since the stones give off the heat generated for a long time.

Stove Enchantress for baths

These units are manufactured in Russia. The Enchantress is not the only model line, the company also produces cast iron products Kalita and cast iron and steel Sudarushka.

The Enchantress is made of AISI 439 heat-resistant steel. The outside is decorated with fireclay refractory bricks or natural minerals.

A feature of the products of this line is a two-chamber firebox. In this case, fuel combustion occurs in the lower of them, and flue gases are burned in the upper due to secondary air. Because of this, the stoves have high efficiency and do not require a large amount of fuel - the thermal energy is almost completely used to heat the stove.

We suggest you familiarize yourself with: How to install a light switch with your own hands

They have a large heater. The flame covers it from five sides, heating the stones to a high temperature, but the top remains open, which is undesirable for steam rooms, but good for saunas. In the case of the Enchantress, you can purchase a steam accumulator, which is a kind of stove cover, which also makes it possible to lay stones. It should be borne in mind that any stove from this line has sufficient power to heat an additional portion of stones.

The line includes models with the name "Russian steam". They are better suited for Russian baths, since they initially have a closed stove with a cover designed to facilitate maintenance. By opening / closing the lid, heating modes are switched. If it is open, the steam room heats up more actively, and if it is closed, the stones are intensively heated.

If you add a steam generator to the Enchantress, with the exception of the MK modification, a similar effect is obtained. The MK mesh heater from the same manufacturer is equipped with a closed heater. The stones in it are also heated from the chimney.

Thus, the Sorceress stoves can function in Russian baths with some modifications, namely, with lids and cast iron ingots, replacing some of the stones with them. Russian steam models already have a closed-type heater, so they give light steam, and the cladding copes with hard radiation perfectly.

User reviews about the units Enchantress:

My stove is lined with chamotte. Works well, but the steam is a little heavy. But after I equipped the stove with a lid, and also partially put cast iron instead of stones, it became much better. After that, the steam became wonderful, it is enough, and the temperature in the steam room reaches 70-75 degrees.
Perhaps the walls of the oven are thin. For several years I have been using the Sorceress stove, and during this time the top of the stove sagged for several centimeters, and the walls were slightly bent. But as for the steam and heating the bath, there are no complaints.

These units are manufactured in Russia. The Enchantress is not the only model line, the company also produces cast iron products Kalita and cast iron and steel Sudarushka. A modern cast-iron sauna stove is a high-quality and practical product.

The Enchantress is made of AISI 439 heat-resistant steel. The outside is decorated with fireclay refractory bricks or natural minerals.

They have a large heater. The flame covers it from five sides, heating the stones to a high temperature, but the top remains open, which is undesirable for steam rooms, but good for saunas. In the case of the Enchantress, you can purchase a steam accumulator, which is a kind of stove cover, which also makes it possible to lay stones.It should be borne in mind that any stove from this line has sufficient power to heat an additional portion of stones.

Why do you need a stove in a Russian bath

Each Russian bath has a stove. Therefore, you should think about which model you need to install in it. Electrical products will never replace a real oven. Many people prefer a metal or brick heater. In any case, it must provide optimal temperature performance and provide the right amount of steam.
To obtain hot steam, the stones are placed in a furnace on the fire and thoroughly calcined. Then they are doused with water and the room is filled with hot, humid steam. Since there is no source of fire in the steam room, oxygen is not burned out accordingly.

This model most closely matches the concept of a traditional Russian bath, because it best conveys the atmosphere that is so necessary for a pleasant pastime.

In closed heaters for heat transfer, the steam door is installed at the level of the top row of the stone backfill or higher. When fuel is burned, it remains closed, as a result of which smoke does not penetrate into the room. Before entering the steam room, the door is opened so that the room warms up properly to a temperature of 45-60 degrees.

It takes a lot of time and fuel for such a heater to warm up properly. They begin to heat it 2-3 hours before visiting the bath. The high temperature in the steam room is created by heating the stones.

Depending on the operating mode of the stove with a closed heater, there are:

Periodic action.
Permanent (long-term) action.

Let's remember what the different "baths" are:

Finnish sauna (dry heat): t 80 - 140 ° С, humidity from 1 to 15%.
Turkish hammam (humid heat): t up to 45 ° C, humidity up to 100%.
Russian bath (golden mean): t 60 - 80 ° C, humidity 50 - 80%.

As you can see, for a guy in the Russian style, a lot of humidity and temperature are required. You can get abundant steam, without flooding the stove, only from well-heated stones.

In the first black baths, the stones were located on a straight path near the flame, had direct contact with it and glowed with a crimson glow. Of course, there is a lot of hassle and inconvenience with a smoke sauna, so they are not often found in the vastness of the country.

An open stove does not come into contact with the flame. The stones get the temperature here from contact with the walls of the furnace and transfer to each other, gradually warming up. The larger the contact surface area, the better the stones will warm up. There are models of boilers in which the stove has such a shape that the stones lie in it in a thin layer and almost all are pressed against one of the walls. The design does an excellent job of heating the room and generating steam!

Combined models have been developed, in which there are two heaters at once - open and closed. The purchase of such a device can extinguish heated debates about which type of heater is better.

The ideal option is a closed heater, which resembles an oven. While the process of heating and heating the room is in progress, the door of such an “oven” remains closed and all the heat is given off to the stones. Subsequently, when the time comes for the guy, the door is opened and water is splashed into it.

It turns out that the first stage of bathing procedures takes place at high temperature and low humidity, and the end - in heated air saturated with moisture.

There are two types of stove designs with a closed heater (closed type):

Periodic action.
Constant action.

To put it simply, the difference between them is that the first passes through the stove smoke and partially the flame, and the second is isolated from fire and smoke.

Closed sauna stove

They got their names because the insulated stove can be used at any time, while the bath is being heated and after that, that is, "constantly".

And the periodic model does not allow the door to open until the fuel is completely burned out. This is done because of the soot coating that covers the surface of the stone (if water is splashed on such a stone, the soot will end up in the room, on the shelf and people). In addition, carbon monoxide will also enter the steam room along with the smoke.

Do not overdo it with the amount of stone in the open heater! The upper parts of the slide are already warming up the worst, if there is no contact with the walls, steam will not form, and you will fill the stove with water and get a hammam.

Stove care

Regardless of whether the stove was installed, closed or open, it should be regularly inspected and the stones sorted out. Some stones may crack or split when exposed to high temperatures. In this case, the cobblestones should be replaced.

The walls of the heater are constantly expanding and narrowing during the operation of the sauna. From this, the brickwork gradually collapses. If cracks or crevices are found, they should be immediately covered with a solution of clay, otherwise carbon monoxide can enter the steam room along with the smoke.

If you constantly monitor the heater, then there will be no problems, and it will only delight you with its excellent steam.

Shuvalov Pyotr Vasilievich

Stoves Paravoz

This is not a misprint: these ovens are named that way. They have a somewhat strange appearance: they are made from a pipe lying horizontally. As a result, the units really resemble a steam locomotive, but the name of the stoves is Paravoz.

These units are very durable - they are often used in public baths for up to 7 years or more, and every day. Taking into account the fact that the bathhouse is heated at home much less often, they can serve for decades.

There should be a brick screen around the stove so that the steam room does not overheat. A lot of steam is formed, it is transparent, clean and hot. The heater is almost impossible to fill - testing has been carried out. As a result, 20 liters of water was poured out within 10 minutes, but the stones and metal dried out in less than 60 seconds.

Paravoz is not a cast-iron sauna stove with a closed heater. They are produced from steel pipes with a diameter of 430-650 millimeters, a length of 80-10 centimeters and a wall thickness of 8-10 millimeters. The stoves have a considerable weight - 160-330 kilograms, and this is without taking into account the stones that heat up very well, which is facilitated by the special shape of the furnace in the form of a vault and some other interesting design solutions.

Currently, there are 11 modifications of these furnaces. Some of them have similar technical characteristics, but they differ in furnace casting. As for the design, it is almost identical. On some products, the decoration and appearance of the front part have been changed.

A wonderful product! I have installed an impressive screen around this oven. The temperature picks up in a few hours, but you can start steaming just an hour after it has been melted. And at the same time, it is impossible to burn yourself against it. All good.

It is not so easy to choose a stove for a Russian bath. Often concepts such as "sauna" and "bath" are confused. Moreover, in each of these establishments it is necessary to create a certain atmosphere, for which it is necessary to select a specific type of ovens. So before buying, it is recommended to consult with a specialist who will help you choose the right model depending on the type of steam room and the user's requirements.

Furnace Case {amp} gt; For sauna {amp} gt; Do-it-yourself sauna stove with a closed type of heater

This is not a misprint: these ovens are named that way. They have a somewhat strange appearance: they are made from a pipe lying horizontally.As a result, the units really resemble a steam locomotive, but the name of the stoves is Paravoz.

Tags: sauna, closed, heater, open, russian

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Wall shielding

If we are talking about a metal bath cauldron, then the walls of such a device get hot in earnest! Infrared radiation emanates in a powerful stream, and if a person is at a short distance from such a unit, his skin will turn red, as if from a burn, and a burning sensation will appear.

This is also wrong from an economic point of view. Energy creates inconveniences for people, while being consumed very quickly.

It is much better to direct the radiant heat into a stone or brick screen.

What will it give:

softer warmth;
elimination of the likelihood of burns;
fuel economy;
accumulation of heat, its gradual release.

Manufacturers offer ready-made screens made of natural stone, "cut" exactly for a certain model.

They take up much less space, have optimal thermal conductivity and look great! True, such screens are expensive, not everyone can afford it.

You can independently line the oven with brickwork. Sometimes the screen is made with a small gap between the brick and the walls. A prerequisite is the presence of convection holes through which heat will freely escape into the steam room. If this is not done, the efficiency and properties of the furnace will be like that of a brick one.

And in order to be able to regulate the temperature, oven doors are sometimes inserted into the solid masonry.

Many boilers are made directly under the brick lining. They have ledges and a shape that helps to anchor the masonry.

Another option, if the firebox is large, it can be overlaid with fireclay bricks from the inside. This refractory material will increase the heat dissipation time and protect the metal case from burning out.

Opposite the door of the closed heater, you will need to install a second door in the brick mass.

Stoves with an open heater are more common. A cast iron sauna stove with a closed heater has its advantages. Details about them in this article.

For tips on how to fold the stove and stove, see this thread. From site selection to commissioning.

Long-burning stoves with a water circuit are an excellent option for heating a large private house or cottage. This topic provides an overview of oven models.